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作为马克思关于未来社会的“基本原则”的内容之一的每个人的全面发展,可以从不同的角度加以理解。本文从是什么和不是什么的角度,分别对“全面发展”的内涵做了阐释。从前者看,每个人的全面发展是个人能力和才能的全面发展、个人的全面的活动、个人的社会关系的全面性和个人占有自己的全面的本质;从后者来看,个人的全面发展不是原始的丰富而是经过了片面发展之后的全面,不是一种外在的设计而是天赋的实现,不是一旦达到就不再改变的状态而是一个朝向全面开放的过程,不能单纯归结为能力的全面而是人性的全面。
The all-round development of everyone as one of the elements of Marx’s “basic principle” of the future society can be understood from different perspectives. This article explains what the “all-round development” means and what is not. From the former perspective, the all-round development of each individual is the all-round development of individual abilities and talents, the comprehensive activities of individuals, the comprehensiveness of individual social relations and the overall nature of individuals’ own possession. From the latter perspective, the all-round development of individuals It is not a primitive richness but a comprehensive one after a one-sided development. It is not an external design but a realization of natural talents. It is not a state that no longer changes once it is reached, but a process that is fully open to the outside world and can not be simply reduced to the ability The comprehensive but human nature of the comprehensive.