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目的了解惠州市公共场所集中空调通风系统卫生状况,分析其影响因素,探索有效的卫生管理措施,为预防空气传播性疾病提供科学依据。方法于2010年采用随机抽样方法,抽取惠州市26家公共场所集中空调通风系统作为监测对象,依照《公共场所集中空调通风系统卫生规范》的方法进行采样、检测和评价。结果 26家公共场所集中空调通风系统总合格率为26.9%(7/26),其中7家酒店、4家文化娱乐场所的合格率均为0。风管内表面积尘量、细菌总数、真菌总数和β-溶血性链球菌指标合格率分别为88.0%(205/233)、95.3%(222/233)、90.6%(211/233)、100.0%(233/233);送风中可吸入颗粒物(PM10)、细菌总数、真菌总数和β-溶血性链球菌指标合格率分别为100.0%(233/233)、82.4%(192/233)、73.4%(171/233)、100.0%(233/233);26家公共场所集中空调冷却(凝)水的嗜肺军团菌检出率为38.5%(10/26)。结论惠州市部分公共场所集中空调通风系统的卫生状况不容乐观,应加大监督管理力度,及时开展清洗评价等污染控制工作。
Objective To understand the health condition of centralized air conditioning and ventilation system in public places in Huizhou City, analyze its influencing factors and explore effective health management measures to provide a scientific basis for the prevention of airborne diseases. Methods In 2010, a random sampling method was adopted to collect central air conditioning and ventilation systems from 26 public places in Huizhou City for monitoring. Samples were taken, tested and evaluated in accordance with the “Code of Hygienic Practice for Central Air Conditioning and Ventilation Systems in Public Places”. Results The total qualified rate of central air conditioning and ventilation system in 26 public places was 26.9% (7/26), of which 7 hotels and 4 cultural and entertainment venues had a pass rate of 0. The passing rate of dust, bacteria, fungi and β-hemolytic streptococci on the inner surface of air duct were 88.0% (205/233), 95.3% (222/233), 90.6% (211/233) and 100.0% respectively (233/233), 82.4% (192/233) and 73.4% respectively.The total number of bacteria, fungi and β-hemolytic streptococci were 100.0% (233/233) (171/233) and 100.0% (233/233), respectively. The detection rate of Legionella pneumophila in 38 air-conditioned cooling water in 26 public places was 38.5% (10/26). Conclusion The hygienic condition of central air conditioning and ventilation system in some public places in Huizhou City is not optimistic. Supervision and management should be strengthened to timely carry out pollution control work such as cleaning evaluation.