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前言在工程构件中,往往发生从小裂纹引起的破坏事故,为了保证构件的安全使用,必须找出防止构件突然脆断的安全使用条件。为此,一方面要尽量减少缺陷,另一方面要找出行之有效的试验方法来正确评定材料防止脆断的能力。从实践中发现,在有裂纹的情况下,铁素体钢从脆性断裂到塑性断裂的转变受温度的显著影响,同时发现,对于一个给定的“低”温,裂纹的尺寸和尖锐程度决定了脆性断裂起始所需的应力水平。
Preface In engineering components, the damage caused by small cracks often occurs. In order to ensure the safe use of components, it is necessary to find out the safe conditions of use to prevent sudden brittleness of the components. To this end, on the one hand to minimize defects, on the other hand to find out the effective test methods to correctly assess the material to prevent brittle fracture. It has been found in practice that the transformation of ferritic steels from brittle fracture to plastic fracture is significantly affected by temperature in the presence of cracks and that the size and sharpness of the crack are determined for a given “low” temperature The level of stress required to initiate brittle fracture.