论文部分内容阅读
我们于１９９１年对北京市区及郊区的０～１４岁儿童进行了整群抽样调查，共调查４３９７７例，其中实查人数４３９４６例，实查率为９９．９３％；哮喘发病率约为０．８８％。调查采取向儿童父母问卷填表及体检的方式进行，共查出相关儿童４４４例；其中哮喘３０２例（６８．０％）、婴幼儿哮喘９２例（２０．７％）、喘息性支气管炎５例（１．１％）、过敏性咳嗽１４例（３．２％）和可疑哮喘３１例（７．０％）。男女患病率分别为０．９４％和０．８２％，相当于１．１５∶１。哮喘起病及发病诱因主要为呼吸道感染，占９５．６％；起病年龄以３岁以内为主，占８２．９％，随着年龄的增加，患病率逐渐降低。好发时辰以午夜和临睡为主，分别为３８．５％和２１．７％；好发季节为冬季。５９．９％有个人过敏史，一、二级亲属有哮喘者分别为１７．３％和３１．５％。治疗中应用抗生素者占９７．７％～１００％。未按哮喘治疗者城区为４．６％，农村为２３．１％～２９．７％。
In 1991, we conducted a cluster sampling survey of children aged 0-14 years in urban and suburban Beijing. A total of 43,977 children were surveyed, of which 43,946 were investigated and the actual investigation rate was 99.93%. The incidence of asthma was about 0 .88%. In the survey, 444 children were found out by questionnaire and physical examination. Among them, 302 (68.0%) were asthma, 92 (20.7%) were asthma in infants and young children, asthmatic bronchitis Cases (1.1%), allergic cough in 14 cases (3.2%) and suspicious asthma in 31 cases (7.0%). The prevalence of males and females was 0.94% and 0.82%, equivalent to 1.15: 1. The main causes of asthma and the incidence of respiratory infections, accounting for 95.6%; onset age to 3 years of age or less, accounting for 82.9%, with age, the prevalence decreased. Good hair time to midnight and sleep-based, respectively, 38.5% and 21.7%; good season for the winter. 59.9% had a history of personal allergies, and those with first and second degree relatives had asthma 17.3% and 31.5% respectively. Treatment of antibiotics accounted for 97.7% to 100%. 4.6% of urban areas without asthma treatment and 23.1% ~ 29.7% of rural areas.