美国的两性和家庭

• 作 者: E.福西特 陈尧光
• 出 处: 国外社会科学
• 发表日期: 1985年02期
• 关键词: 平等权利修正案 美国妇女 列席代表 女权运动 加利福尼亚州 妇女代表 退休年龄 高等法院 代表权 全国妇女组织

美国妇女的工资只为男人工资的60%,而且这一比率已四十多年未变动。这一事实不论对妇女运动的支持者或反对者来讲都令人感到尴尬。目前大学毕业的妇女一般还挣不到高中未毕业的男子的工资。而且大多数妇女只能接受工资低、无升迁希望的职业。1977年11月在休斯敦开了个全国妇女代表大会,约有2,000名代表出席,还有候补代表和列席代表共一万多人。代表大会上妇女们意见纷纭。这种争执由来已久。早在1923年全国妇女党提出“平等权利修正案”(ERA)时,就受到不少进步妇女的

American women pay only 60% of men’s wages, and this rate has not changed for more than 40 years. This fact is both embarrassing to the supporters and opponents of the women’s movement. Women currently graduating from college generally also earn less than the salary of men who have not graduated from high school. And most women can only accept jobs that have low wages and no hope of promotion. In November 1977, a national women’s congress was held in Houston. About 2,000 delegates attended the meeting. There were more than 10,000 alternate representatives and delegates. Women in the congress disagreed. This dispute has a long history. As early as 1923, when the National Women’s Party proposed the “Equal Rights Amendment” (ERA), many women