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应用尼氏染色方法,观察第3～10月人胎黑质神经元的分布、数量和形态学发育变化。结果如下:①在人胎第3～10月,黑质神经元位于中脑腹侧大脑脚底与红核之间,并可区分为腹侧细胞稀疏的网状部和背则细胞密集的致密部。致密部在第3～4月为连续的细胞带,第5月以后渐变间断而形成明显的细胞群。②随着胎龄增加,每张中脑横切片上黑质神经元的数目略有减少,神经元的密度逐渐降低,尤以第8～10月最明显。③从胎龄第3～10月,黑质神经元胞体逐渐增大,胞质逐渐增多,神经元的形态从胎龄早期无明显突起的小圆形细胞为主,逐渐发育为胎龄晚期的锥形和梭形细胞为主,并带有一个或多个胞质突起。结果提示:人胎黑质神经元的细胞形态学发育在胎龄3～4月时尚不成熟,而第9～10月时已接近成人。
Nisi staining was used to observe the distribution, quantity and morphological changes of the substantia nigra neurons from the 3rd to the 10th month. The results are as follows: ①In the third to the tenth month of human fetus, the substantia nigra neurons are located between the sole of the ventral cerebellum and the red nucleus of the ventral midbrain and can be differentiated into reticular sections with thin ventral cells and dense sections with dorsal and dense cells . The dense part is a continuous cell band in the third to the fourth month, and after May, the gradual change is intermittent and the obvious cell population is formed. ② With the increase of gestational age, the number of substantia nigra neurons in each section of midbrain decreased slightly, the density of neurons gradually decreased, especially in the eighth to the tenth month. ③ From gestational age from 3 to 10 months, substantia nigra neuronal cell body gradually increased, the cytoplasm gradually increased, the morphology of neurons from early gestational age prominently small round cells, and gradually developed into gestational age Conical and spindle cells dominated with one or more cytoplasmic protrusions. The results suggest that the morphological development of the substantia nigra neurons in human embryos is immature in the third to fourth trimester of gestational age and close to that in the ninth to the tenth month.