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摘要 [目的]分析经无硫复合护色剂处理的苹果片在干制后差异蛋白的表达情况。[方法]采用无标记(Label-free)定量蛋白质组学技术对复合护色剂处理的干制苹果片进行蛋白质组学研究,探讨蛋白质组表达水平的差异。所提取的蛋白质样品经酶解、色谱质谱检测分析,用Label-free定性定量软件maxquant(1.5.0.12)结合搜库定性软件Andromeda,对每个样本进行定性定量,通过蛋白质相对定量的比较寻找差异表达蛋白。[结果]与非处理苹果片相比,差异蛋白总数为909个,上调差异蛋白质319个,下调差异蛋白质590个;生物学过程主要集中在代谢过程、细胞过程。分子功能主要在绑定、催化活性、能量代谢等部分。细胞组件主要集中在细胞膜相关的部件。[结论]该研究可为解析复合护色剂处理后干制苹果片中次生代谢物差异的成因及其抑制褐变的蛋白质机制提供参考。
关键词 干制苹果片;Label-free;褐变;护色;差异蛋白
中图分类号 TS255.42 文献标识码 A 文章编号 0517-6611(2017)28-0071-03
Abstract [Objective] To analyze the expression of differentially expressed proteins in dried apple slices treated with sulfur free composite color protection agent.[Method] Proteomic analysis of dry apple slices treated with composite color protection agents was carried out using unlabeled (Labelfree) quantitative proteomic techniques to investigate the differences in protein expression levels.The analysis of the extracted protein samples by enzymolysis and GCMS detection,using Labelfree quantitative software maxquant (1.5.0.12) combined with qualitative database search software Andromeda,the qualitative and quantitative of each sample,the protein relative quantitative comparison for different expression of protein.[Result] Compared with untreated apple slices,the total number of differentially expressed proteins was 909,up to 319 differentially expressed proteins and 590 down regulated proteins.The biological process mainly focused on the metabolic process and the cellular process.The molecular functions were mainly binding,catalytic activity,energy metabolism and so on.Cell components were mainly concentrated in cell membrane related components.[Conclusion] This study can provide a reference for the analysis of the causes of the secondary metabolite differences in the dried apple slices and the mechanism of protein inhibition of browning.
Key words Dried apple slices;Labelfree;Browning;Color protection;Differential proteins
蛋白質组学分析方法已经在许多领域得到广泛应用,如生命科学领域(细胞生物学、神经生物学等),涉及的生物种类范围很多,如原核生物、真核生物、植物和动物等。在医学领域,蛋白质组学将成为寻找疾病分子标记和药物靶标最有效的方法之一[1]。蛋白质组学分析研究中需要使用多种方法,鉴定蛋白质需要应用质谱方法,标记或染色等可以通过定量分析等方法来完成。如今,不使用其他方法,同时实现蛋白质的定性和定量仅靠质谱就可完成,这就是无标记(Label-free)定量蛋白质组学研究方法,也是现在定量蛋白质组学研究的有效新方法,它直接利用蛋白质质谱鉴定中产生的肽段数据(重复肽段数和强度)进行蛋白相对定量[2-4]。
去皮后苹果的果肉褐变主要为酶促褐变,导致褐变的酶有很多种,其中多酚氧化酶是最主要的,酶促反应的进行需要4个因素,即氧、多酚氧化酶、底物、铜离子[5]。抑制这种反应可以通过除去氧,降低活性铜离子和底物浓度或直接钝化酶来实现[6]。还有一种褐变为非酶褐变。在苹果干制过程中,温度会引起果肉中各种蛋白的表达变化,通过检测这些功能蛋白的差异表达,可以从分子水平为褐变抑制提供理论指导。
1 材料与方法
1.1 材料 供试苹果为太谷产的红富士苹果。
关键词 干制苹果片;Label-free;褐变;护色;差异蛋白
中图分类号 TS255.42 文献标识码 A 文章编号 0517-6611(2017)28-0071-03
Abstract [Objective] To analyze the expression of differentially expressed proteins in dried apple slices treated with sulfur free composite color protection agent.[Method] Proteomic analysis of dry apple slices treated with composite color protection agents was carried out using unlabeled (Labelfree) quantitative proteomic techniques to investigate the differences in protein expression levels.The analysis of the extracted protein samples by enzymolysis and GCMS detection,using Labelfree quantitative software maxquant (1.5.0.12) combined with qualitative database search software Andromeda,the qualitative and quantitative of each sample,the protein relative quantitative comparison for different expression of protein.[Result] Compared with untreated apple slices,the total number of differentially expressed proteins was 909,up to 319 differentially expressed proteins and 590 down regulated proteins.The biological process mainly focused on the metabolic process and the cellular process.The molecular functions were mainly binding,catalytic activity,energy metabolism and so on.Cell components were mainly concentrated in cell membrane related components.[Conclusion] This study can provide a reference for the analysis of the causes of the secondary metabolite differences in the dried apple slices and the mechanism of protein inhibition of browning.
Key words Dried apple slices;Labelfree;Browning;Color protection;Differential proteins
蛋白質组学分析方法已经在许多领域得到广泛应用,如生命科学领域(细胞生物学、神经生物学等),涉及的生物种类范围很多,如原核生物、真核生物、植物和动物等。在医学领域,蛋白质组学将成为寻找疾病分子标记和药物靶标最有效的方法之一[1]。蛋白质组学分析研究中需要使用多种方法,鉴定蛋白质需要应用质谱方法,标记或染色等可以通过定量分析等方法来完成。如今,不使用其他方法,同时实现蛋白质的定性和定量仅靠质谱就可完成,这就是无标记(Label-free)定量蛋白质组学研究方法,也是现在定量蛋白质组学研究的有效新方法,它直接利用蛋白质质谱鉴定中产生的肽段数据(重复肽段数和强度)进行蛋白相对定量[2-4]。
去皮后苹果的果肉褐变主要为酶促褐变,导致褐变的酶有很多种,其中多酚氧化酶是最主要的,酶促反应的进行需要4个因素,即氧、多酚氧化酶、底物、铜离子[5]。抑制这种反应可以通过除去氧,降低活性铜离子和底物浓度或直接钝化酶来实现[6]。还有一种褐变为非酶褐变。在苹果干制过程中,温度会引起果肉中各种蛋白的表达变化,通过检测这些功能蛋白的差异表达,可以从分子水平为褐变抑制提供理论指导。
1 材料与方法
1.1 材料 供试苹果为太谷产的红富士苹果。