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目的了解平塘县狂犬病人群暴露及流行情况,为防制狂犬病提供科学依据。方法对平塘县2008-2012年狂犬病暴露人群资料进行流行病学特征分析。结果平塘县2008-2012年狂犬病暴露年均暴露率为992.44/10万,各年暴露率呈上升趋势,夏秋季暴露者较多,伤人动物主要以犬类为主,暴露者中以14岁以上者居多,男性多于女性(1.47︰1),四肢伤者为主,占85.80%,绝大数暴露者规范处理伤口(96.79%),暴露后疫苗接种率100%,但Ⅲ级暴露者中仅有24.29%接种狂犬病免疫球蛋白;狂犬病年均发病率为0.49/10万,病死率100%。结论预防控制狂犬病工作,政府应高度重视,提高犬的免疫率,应实行拴养或圈养,最大限度降低犬的伤人率,暴露后要及时规范处理伤口,及时接种疫苗,加强健康教育宣传,普及狂犬病防制知识,至关重要。
Objective To understand the population exposure and prevalence of rabies in Pingtang County and provide a scientific basis for the prevention of rabies. Methods The epidemiological characteristics of rabies exposed population in Pingtang County from 2008 to 2012 were analyzed. Results The annual average exposure rate of rabies in Pingtang from 2008 to 2012 was 992.44 / lakh, the annual exposure rate showed an upward trend, more in summer and autumn. The main animals were mainly dogs, with 14 Mostly older than men, more than women (1.47︰1), limbs were the main victims, accounting for 85.80%, the largest number of exposed persons treatment of wounds (96.79%), after vaccination coverage rate of 100%, but Ⅲ-level exposure Only 24.29% were vaccinated rabies immunoglobulin. The average annual incidence of rabies was 0.49 / 100 000 and the case fatality rate was 100%. Conclusion To prevent and control rabies, the government should attach great importance to raising the immunization rate of dogs. Dogs should be restrained or housed to minimize the incidence of dogs. After exposure, the wounds should be treated in a timely manner, vaccinated in time, and public health education should be strengthened. The popularity of rabies control knowledge, is crucial.