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本文建立异质性个体的内生增长模型,从人才误配置角度分析寻租对创新和经济增长的影响。利用中国经济数据对模型参数进行校准,数值模拟结论如下:(1)寻租导致人才浪费,进而造成经济增长损失,尤其在精英参与寻租的情况下,经济增长损失将是灾难性的;(2)给定总租金份额,经济增长率与寻租者规模之间呈倒U型关系;(3)除了人才浪费,个体还会为有限的寻租职位展开竞争,这将造成社会资源的极大浪费;(4)创新回报结构和租金分配结构会影响寻租活动对个体的吸引力。这些结论为当前流行的“反腐有损经济增长”的观点提供了反面证据。同时,本文的研究表明,中国经济要实现从要素驱动向创新驱动的转变,必须改善激励环境,引导聪明的大脑进入生产性、创造性的企业部门,而非分配性的寻租部门。
This article builds an endogenous growth model of heterogeneous individuals and analyzes the impact of rent-seeking on innovation and economic growth from the perspective of mis-allocation of talents. The results of numerical simulation are as follows: (1) Rent-seeking leads to the waste of talents, which in turn leads to the loss of economic growth. Especially in the case of elite participation in rent-seeking, the loss of economic growth will be disastrous; 2) Given the total rent share, there is an inverted U-shaped relationship between the rate of economic growth and the size of the rent-seekers; (3) In addition to the waste of talent, individuals also compete for limited rent-seeking positions, Big waste; (4) Innovative return structure and rent distribution structure will affect the attraction of rent-seeking activities to individuals. These conclusions provide negative evidence for the current prevailing “anti-corruption and economic growth” view. At the same time, the research in this paper shows that in order to realize the transformation from factor-driven to innovation-driven, China’s economy needs to improve the incentive environment and guide the smart brain into the productive and creative enterprise sector rather than the distributive rent-seeking department.