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目的了解长沙县麻疹流行病学特征,探讨加速控制麻疹策略。方法对2000-2008年麻疹疫情资料进行描述流行病学分析。结果长沙县2000-2008年共报告麻疹293例,其中不到初免月龄和大年龄组病例的比例相对增加,<8月龄病例占0~1岁组病例的50%;≥18岁病例占总病例数的42.66%。常住人口年平均发病率为4.86/10万,发病以成人为主,≥18岁病例数占常住人口总病例数的39.92%;而流动人口以小年龄段为主,<10岁病例数占流动人口总病例数的44.44%。散居儿童和学生病例分别占27.30%、32.42%。病例中有麻疹疫苗(MV)免疫史的占26.96%,无免疫史和免疫史不详的累计占73.04%。麻疹发病高峰在3-6月。结论流动人口的不断增加和免疫空白及免疫失败人群的自然积累是长沙县麻疹发病的主要原因。高覆盖率的常规免疫结合强化免疫活动和有效的疾病监测系统是控制麻疹的关键策略。
Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of measles in Changsha County and to explore strategies to speed up measles control. Methods The epidemiological data of measles in 2000-2008 were described. Results A total of 293 cases of measles were reported in Changsha County from 2000 to 2008, of which, the proportion of cases with less than first-month-old and older age groups was relatively increased, <8-month-old cases accounted for 50% of 0-1-year-old cases and ≥18-year-old cases Accounting for 42.66% of the total number of cases. The average annual incidence of resident population was 4.86 / 100 000, the incidence was mainly in adults, and the number of cases ≥18 years old accounted for 39.92% of the total number of resident population; while the floating population was mainly in the minor age group, the number of cases <10 years old accounted for 44.44% of the total population. Diaspora and student cases accounted for 27.30% and 32.42% respectively. Cases with measles vaccine (MV) immunization history accounted for 26.96%, no history of immunization and immunization history unknown accounted for 73.04%. The peak incidence of measles in March-June. Conclusion The continuous increase of floating population and immune blank and the natural accumulation of immunocompromised population are the main causes of measles in Changsha County. Routine immunization with high coverage combined with intensive immunization activities and an effective disease surveillance system is a key strategy for measles control.