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试验采集未种植、种植1年、3年和5年的黄花蒿土壤,利用常规分析和Illumina Mi Seq高通量测序技术,研究了连作对黄花蒿生长、青蒿素含量、土壤有效养分和细菌群落结构的影响。结果表明,连作显著抑制黄花蒿生长,降低叶片生物量、青蒿素含量和产量,最大降幅依次为30.20%,7.70%,35.58%。黄花蒿连作不同程度地降低土壤有机质、有效氮、有效磷含量和细菌16S rRNA序列数。高通量测序结果显示,在不同种植年限的黄花蒿土壤中,共有634~812种细菌,归属于21个门类,代表不同处理年限细菌群落的点在主成分坐标系中分布距离较远,群落结构发生了显著变化(P<0.05)。随黄花蒿连作年限增加,放线菌门、绿弯菌门和芽单胞菌门的丰富度降低,但变形菌门、酸杆菌门和疣微菌门丰度增加。与未种黄花蒿的土壤相比,在种植土壤的前20种优势细菌中,硝化螺旋菌和根瘤菌消失,仅有芽单胞菌、微单孢菌、亚硝化单胞菌、黄色杆菌和不可培养细菌JG30-KF-AS9等5种相同。说明种植尤其是连作黄花蒿选择性抑制了土壤细菌的生长繁殖,影响土壤养分的转化供应,导致黄花蒿生长不佳,青蒿素含量和产量降低。因此,在种植黄花蒿的过程中,提倡轮作很有必要。
Experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of continuous cropping on the growth of Artemisia annua, artemisinin content, soil available nutrients and bacteria by using routine analysis and Illumina Mi Seq high-throughput sequencing. The soil samples of Artemisia annua were planted for 1 year, 3 years and 5 years. The impact of community structure. The results showed that the continuous cropping significantly inhibited the growth of Artemisia annua and reduced the leaf biomass, artemisinin content and yield, the largest decline followed by 30.20%, 7.70%, 35.58%. Artemisia annua continuous cropping to varying degrees reduce soil organic matter, available nitrogen, available phosphorus content and bacterial 16S rRNA sequence number. High-throughput sequencing results showed that 634 ~ 812 kinds of bacteria were found in Artemisia annua L. with different planting years, belonging to 21 categories. The points representing the bacterial communities in different treatment years were far distributed in the principal component coordinate system. Structure changed significantly (P <0.05). With continuous growth of Artemisia annua increased, Actinomyces, Leptosphaeria nivalis and Bacillus monocytogenes richness decreased, but Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria and Verrucomia door abundance increased. Compared with the soil that did not grow Artemisia annua, the first 20 kinds of dominant bacteria in the soil were planted, and Agrobacterium tumefaciens and Rhizobium disappeared. Only Bacillus subtilis, Micromonospora, Nitrosomonas, Can not cultivate bacteria such as JG30-KF-AS9 5 kinds of the same. The results showed that planting, especially continuous inflorescence of Artemisia annua, selectively inhibited the growth and propagation of soil bacteria and affected the transformation and supply of soil nutrients, resulting in poor growth of Artemisia annua and the decrease of artemisinin content and yield. Therefore, in the process of planting Artemisia annua, to promote rotation is necessary.