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药理学对一些原因不明的药物异常反应习惯上笼统称为“特异质”(idiosyncracy)。近十多年来随着药理遗传学的建立和发展,阐明了许多特异质反应的本质是遗传缺陷对药物代谢动力学或药效动力学的影响;并积累了大量资料表明药物反应的个体差异主要决定于遗传因素,其次也受环境因素影响;从而把药理学个性(pharmacologic indiViduality)这一概念建立在个体的遗传变异(基因组成)的物质基础上。本文介绍了药理遗传学的主要进展,包括单基因和多基因遗传变异对药物代谢的影响;遗传对药物效应的影响;常用实验动物的遗传学特征及某些动物遗传病作为病理模型研究病因发病学及筛选药物的意义。
Pharmacology for some unexplained drug abnormalities commonly referred to as “idiosyncracy” (idiosyncracy). In the recent ten years, with the establishment and development of pharmacological genetics, it has been clarified that the essence of many idiosyncratic reactions is the influence of genetic defects on pharmacokinetics or pharmacodynamics. A large number of individuals have accumulated information indicating that drug reactions The difference is mainly determined by genetic factors, and secondly by environmental factors; thus, the concept of pharmacologic indiViduality is based on the material basis of an individual’s genetic variation (genetic makeup). This article describes the major advances in pharmacological genetics, including single gene and multi-gene genetic variation on the impact of drug metabolism; genetic effects on the drug effect; genetic characteristics of experimental animals and some animal genetic disease as a pathological model of etiology Learn and filter the meaning of drugs.