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目的了解学校及托幼机构传染病的发病情况和流行规律,为制定更有效的防治措施提供依据。方法对红花岗区2008-2011年各类学校及托幼机构传染病采用描述性分析。结果传染病年均发病率为224.78/10万,其中乙丙类传染病17种3 707例,占同期全区法定传染病的23.15%;水痘806例,占学校和托幼机构传染病的17.86%。发病居前5位的分别为手足口病1 363例(30.20%)、流行性腮腺炎1 287例(28.52%)、水痘806例(17.86)、肺结核324例(7.18%)、肝炎237例(5.25%);男性发病2 929例,女性发病1 584例,性别比1.85∶1;幼托儿童发病最多,为2 420例,其次为小学生(1 463例),最少为中学以上学生(630例);全年均有发病,4~6月为发病高峰。结论传染病防控重点单位为托幼机构和小学,4~6月的传染病发病高峰期应以呼吸道和消化道传染病为预防控制重点。政府各有关部门应相互配合,使少年儿童自愿接受自费疫苗接种,从而减少学校和托幼机构传染病的发生。
Objective To understand the prevalence and prevalence of infectious diseases in schools and nurseries, and to provide basis for more effective prevention and control measures. Methods Descriptive analysis of infectious diseases in various schools and nurseries in Honghuagang from 2008 to 2011 was conducted. Results The average annual incidence rate of infectious diseases was 224.78 / 100 000, of which 17 70 were classified as 17 kinds of B and C infectious diseases, accounting for 23.15% of the total amount of notifiable infectious diseases in the whole region in the same period; 806 were chickenpox, accounting for 17.86 of infectious diseases in schools and kindergartens %. The top five cases were 1 363 cases (30.20%) of hand-foot-mouth disease, 1 287 cases (28.52%) of mumps, 806 cases of chickenpox (17.86 cases), 324 cases of tuberculosis (7.18%) and 237 cases of hepatitis 5.25%). There were 2 929 males and 1 584 females with a sex ratio of 1.85:1. The number of children with child care was the highest, with 2 420 cases followed by primary school students (1 463 cases) and at least secondary school students (630 cases ); Incidence throughout the year, 4 to 6 months for the peak incidence. Conclusion The key units for prevention and control of communicable diseases are kindergartens and primary schools. In the peak period of infectious diseases from April to June, respiratory and digestive diseases should be the focus of prevention and control. Relevant government departments should work together to enable children and young people to voluntarily accept vaccination at their own expense so as to reduce the incidence of infectious diseases in schools and nurseries.