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目的:通过对儿童颌面部肿块分类与统计,分析常见类型发病情况,列举较罕见类型,为临床诊断与治疗提供参考。方法:统计859例颌面部肿块患儿,依据病理结果将其分类,分别按年龄阶段、性别、发病部位划分,数据以均数±标准差(x±s)表示;统计方法采用多样本构成的卡方检验,并分析结果。结果:肿块中肿瘤比例最高(49.13%),男女比为1.03∶1;平均发病年龄为(4.71±3.94)岁。血管瘤患儿最多(24.21%);良恶性肿瘤之比约为139.67∶1;囊肿女性较多,常见舌下腺囊肿(43.82%);瘤样病变男性多,常见牙龈瘤(34.72%);肿瘤男性多,常见血管瘤及血管畸形(49.29%);其他性质肿块最常见炎性肿块与淋巴结(32.00%);血管瘤及血管畸形最好发生于唇部,淋巴管畸形最好发于颊部,淋巴管血管畸形最好发于舌背,差异具有统计学意义。罕见疾病包括先天性颌下腺导管囊性扩张、婴儿黑色素性神经外胚瘤、低度恶性梭形细胞肿瘤等。结论:儿童处在生长发育期,且颌面部位置特殊,为保证各器官结构功能完整,应早期诊断、及时治疗及选择有效治疗方式。
OBJECTIVE: To classify and count the maxillofacial masses in children and analyze the incidence of common types of diseases, and to provide a reference for clinical diagnosis and treatment. Methods: A total of 859 patients with maxillofacial mass were enrolled. According to the pathological findings, the patients were classified according to their age, gender and disease site. The data were expressed as mean ± standard deviation (x ± s) Chi-square test, and analyze the results. Results: The highest proportion of tumor in tumor (49.13%) was found. The ratio of male to female was 1.03:1. The average age of onset was (4.71 ± 3.94) years old. The number of children with hemangiomas was the highest (24.21%). The ratio of benign and malignant tumors was about 139.67:1. There were more cysts, common sublingual gland cysts (43.82%), tumor-like lesions were more common in men and common gingiva (34.72%), Malignant tumors and vascular malformations (49.29%) were the most common tumors. The most common mass was lymph nodes (32.00%). Hemangiomas and vascular malformations were best seen in the lips. Lymphangiogenesis was most likely to occur on the cheeks Department, the most common vascular malformations in the back of the tongue, the difference was statistically significant. Rare diseases include congenital submandibular gland duct cystic dilatation, infant melanotic neuroectodermal, low-grade malignant spindle cell tumors and the like. Conclusion: Children are in the period of growth and development, and the location of maxillofacial region is special. To ensure the structural integrity of various organs, early diagnosis, prompt treatment and effective treatment should be selected.