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“明清变易”是十七世纪中期发生在东北亚地区的一件重大历史事件,对东北亚地区的政治格局产生了重要影响。明亡清兴之后,清朝取代明朝成为东亚宗藩关系的中心。很久以来就与中国保持稳定宗藩关系的朝鲜便自然而然地将宗藩关系的对象转移到了清朝一边。然而由于“华夷观念”的影响,在文化心态上,朝鲜一直采取了尊明贬清的态度。朝鲜把明朝看成中华的化身,而把满洲看成夷狄,明朝灭亡以后,朝鲜以“小中华”自居,因现实政治的需要,朝鲜大肆宣扬明朝的正统,进行了一系列纪念明朝的活动,贬斥清朝的正统。以宋时烈为代表的性理学家,以程朱理学思想为基准,形成以尊华攘夷为中心的华夷观作为他们处理与清朝外交关系的准则。
“The Change of Ming and Qing Dynasties” was a major historical event that took place in Northeast Asia in the mid-17th century and had an important impact on the political pattern in Northeast Asia. After Ming Qing Dynasty, the Qing Dynasty replaced the Ming Dynasty as the center of East Asian vassal relations. For a long time North Korea, which maintained a stable vassal relationship with China, naturally shifted the object of the vassal relationship to the Qing side. However, due to the influence of “Huayi Concept”, North Korea has always taken the attitude of respecting and demeaning from the viewpoint of culture. North Korea regarded the Ming Dynasty as the incarnation of China and Manchuria as a barbarian. After the demise of the Ming Dynasty, North Korea regarded itself as the “Little China”, and because of the need of actual politics, North Korea vigorously promoted the orthodoxy of the Ming Dynasty and carried out a series of Commemorate the activities of the Ming Dynasty, denigrating the orthodoxy of the Qing Dynasty. Neo-Confucianism, represented by Song Shilie, based on Cheng-Zhu Neo-Confucianism, formed the Huayi concept centered on respecting the Chinese and foreign nations as their criterion for handling diplomatic relations with the Qing Dynasty.