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《国际货物销售合同公约》第14条第1款从正面提出了要约的构成条件,第2款从反面说明了非向一个或一个以上特定的人提出的订立合同的建议属于要约邀请。要约对象的特定性作为要约具体构成条件的首要条件,原则上向一个或一个以上特定的人发出,但公众要约在符合一定条件下也是有效的要约。随着电子通信发展,电子通信背景下的要约对象的特定性也面临挑战。我国《合同法》虽然没有明确对要约对象的特定性做出规定,但在具体条文中也体现了这一要求。
Article 14, paragraph 1, of the CISG provides the conditions for an offer from the front, while paragraph 2, on the contrary, shows that the proposal to enter into a contract, not to one or more specific persons, is an invitation to offer. The particularity of the object of the offer as the first condition for the specific conditions of the offer, in principle, to one or more specific people, but the public offer is also valid under certain conditions, the offer. With the development of electronic communication, the particularity of the object of offer under the background of electronic communication is also challenged. Although China’s “Contract Law” does not specify the specificness of the object of the offer, it also embodies this requirement in the specific provisions.