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语音的发展是不平衡的,古今音变在各音类的表现不平衡,方言与普通话之间的音类对应也不平衡。古今音类演变有三种对应——基本对应、条件对应和例外对应,或称常例、变例和特例。语音演变的例外是指不合古今语音演变规律而显得读音特殊的少数特字。造成这种不合对应的特例的原因是多方面的,有的是避讳,有的是因音别义,有的是偏旁类推而讹读,有的已难以追寻其变读的因由。标准音和方音中都有这样的特例,如普通话“糙”本应
The development of speech is unbalanced. The sounds of ancient and modern sounds are unbalanced in various types of sounds, and the sound classes between dialects and Mandarin are not balanced. There are three correspondences between evolution of ancient and modern sounds: basic correspondence, conditional correspondence and exception correspondence, or regular, variable, and special cases. The exception of phonetic evolution refers to a special minority of special characters that do not seem to be able to read pronunciations in ancient and modern languages. There are many reasons for this inconsistency, and some are avoidance. Some of them are due to different meanings, others are by analogy, and others are unable to trace the reasons for their changing. There are special cases in standard and square tones, such as Putonghua “rough” should be