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低增长高失业陷井在过去的3年间,欧洲共同体的经济状况无疑是有了改善,但并没有值得满足的余地。首先是失业状况令人担忧;两位数的失业率已成为常规。1987年5月,共同体十二国的失业总数已达1,610万,约占全部劳动力的11.4%。在近1年间,这个总数几乎没有发生变化,英国和葡萄牙虽有减少,但被其他国家的增加替补了。近期的前景也相当暗淡,潜存着再度上升的实际危险。大规模失业不仅意味着人力资源的浪费,而且已成为一个严重的社会问题,具有难以估量的政治与经济含义。另一个引起关注的问题是低得令人失望的私人投资率:与60年代占国民生产总值22%相比,目前
Low growth and high unemployment trap The economic conditions in the European Community have undoubtedly improved over the past three years, but there is no room for satisfaction. First, the jobless situation is worrisome; the double-digit jobless rate has become routine. In May 1987, the total number of unemployed people in the 12 countries of the Community reached 16.1 million, accounting for 11.4% of the total workforce. In the recent year, there has been almost no change in the total number of countries. Although there has been a decrease in Britain and Portugal, they have been replaced by increases in other countries. The near-term outlook is quite bleak, with the real danger of rising again. Large-scale unemployment not only means waste of human resources, but also has become a serious social problem with incalculable political and economic implications. Another issue of concern is the disappointing rate of private investment: compared with 22% of GNP in the 1960s,