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通过6a冬小麦连作田间定位试验,研究等量氮(N)磷(P)养分投入条件下施用不同形态有机物料对陇东黄土旱塬土壤肥力及冬小麦产量、水分利用效率的影响。结果表明,氮磷化肥与不同有机物料配合施用,土壤养分及冬小麦产量、水分利用效率比氮磷配施(CK2)及不施肥(CK1)处理有进一步改善和提高。生物有机肥配施化肥处理效果最明显,2011年收获时土壤有机质、全氮、全磷、全钾较2006年分别提高15.5%、21.4%、14.1%和5.9%,速效磷和速效钾分别提高14.2mg.kg-1和48.0mg.kg-1,显著高于其他配施处理;冬小麦平均产量(3 536.3kg.hm-2)最高,较CK2、CK1分别提高53.2%和86.7%;平均水分利用效率(11.7kg.mm-1.hm-2)最高,较CK2、CK1分别提高30.2%和71.2%。因此,生物有机肥配施氮磷化肥处理在陇东黄土旱塬雨热条件下对于全面提升土壤质量具有重要意义,且该施肥处理的土壤养分状况、作物产量具有很好的一致性,可以表征土壤肥力状况及产量水平。
The field experiment on continuous wheat field with 6 d wheat was conducted to study the effects of applying different forms of organic materials under different nitrogen (N) phosphorous (P) nutrient inputs on soil fertility and winter wheat yield and water use efficiency in Longdong Loess Plateau. The results showed that nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers combined with different organic materials could improve soil fertility and winter wheat yield and water use efficiency better than CK and CK1 treatments. Bio-organic fertilizers combined with chemical fertilizers have the most obvious effect. In 2011, soil organic matter, total nitrogen, total phosphorus and total potassium increased by 15.5%, 21.4%, 14.1% and 5.9% 14.2mg.kg-1 and 48.0mg.kg-1, respectively, which were significantly higher than those of other treatments. The average yield of winter wheat (3 536.3kg.hm-2) was the highest, 53.2% and 86.7% higher than that of CK2 and CK1 respectively. The highest utilization efficiency (11.7kg.mm-1.hm-2) was 30.2% and 71.2% higher than CK2 and CK1, respectively. Therefore, it is of great significance to improve the soil quality under the conditions of rain and heat in Longdong Loess Plateau, with the application of N and P fertilizers, and the soil nutrient status and crop yield of the fertilization are in good agreement and can be characterized Soil fertility and yield levels.