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澳大利亚在1906至1931年之间生产了少量的镭,而铀矿勘探在1944年才开始认真进行,结果发现并开采了拉姆·詹格尔矿床、南阿利盖特河谷矿床和玛丽·凯思林矿床。在1955至1965年之间勘探工作实际上是中断了,后来由于铀市场情况的改善各采矿公司又恢复了勘探工作。澳大利亚铀矿床大部分可划归脉型矿床,包括澳北区阿利盖特河地区新发现的巨型矿床(其沥青铀矿的探明储量已超过350000吨 U_3O_8),以及澳大利亚北部和南澳大利亚州各地规模较小的矿体。沥青铀矿是最常见的原生矿物,在某些情况下以难溶矿物(如铀钛磁铁矿和钛铀矿)为主。矿石产于元古代变质岩中的断裂带或破碎带中,熟悉这些矿床的地质学家一般认为它们具有深成成因,其成因常设想为元古代变质泥质岩在深熔作用过程中铀发生解附作用而成,或者铀来自花岗岩侵入体本身,这种花岗岩体可能具深熔戌因。在南澳大利亚州第三纪岩层中见有与美国怀俄明州矿卷型类似的沉积铀矿,该处的铀是从下元古代含铀的内露层(即被年轻地层所包围的老地层)淋滤出来的。中澳大利亚的石炭纪地层中产有遭受后期褶皱和中等程度变质的砂岩型矿床。在西澳大利亚(可能在中澳大利亚也有,但较少)沉积铀矿堆积在结砾岩型沉积中。结砾岩是由河谷堆积物经交代作用而生成,这些河谷堆积物产于第三纪古河道中,并含有蒸发岩。还有两个特殊的矿床,一个矿床产于玛丽·凯思林,该处的沥青铀矿含干褐帘石中,产在中元古代的一种方柱石-透辉石-石榴石角砾岩里。另一个矿床位于莫里恩,该处的铀-氟-铝矿化发现于石炭纪(?)底部砂岩中。含铀伟晶岩分布广泛,但没有生成有经济价值的铀矿床。元古代砾岩已广泛地进行过检查,但迄今仅发现有钍矿物。虽然许多早期的发现是由找矿员找到的,但是近年来根据地质判据来选择普查地区而取得显著的成果。航空放射性测量起了重大的作用。地化取样和氡气取样法虽然应用广泛,但目前为止尚未取得任何重要的成效。今后找矿取得成就的前景,看来取决于在已圈定的元古代成矿区发现新的矿床,也取决于在前寒武纪内露层邻近的古生代、中生代和近代沉积物中进行检查。
Australia produced a small amount of radium between 1906 and 1931, and uranium exploration did not begin serious until 1944. As a result, it was discovered and mined that the Ram Jangel Deposit, the Southern Allegheny Valley Deposit, and Mary Kayth Forest Deposit. Exploration work was effectively interrupted between 1955 and 1965 and mining companies resumed exploration after the uranium market improved. Most of the uranium deposits in Australia can be classified as vein-type deposits, including the newly discovered giant deposits in the Aligate River area in the northern part of the country (proven reserves of bitumen uranium have exceeded 350,000 tons U_3O_8) and parts of northern Australia and southern Australia Smaller ore body. Asphaltic uranium is the most common primary mineral, and in some cases is dominated by poorly soluble minerals such as uranium titanium magnetite and titanium uranium. Ore is produced in the metamorphic rocks in the metamorphic rupture or crust, geologists familiar with these deposits are generally believed that they have a deep cause genesis, its origin is often thought of metaphase metamorphic argillaceous uranium in the process of deep melting Desorption effect, or uranium from the granite intrusion itself, this granite may have a deep melting Xu reason. In the Tertiary strata of South Australia, there are depositional uranium deposits similar to those in the Wyoming, USA, where uranium is derived from the innerloop of the subsurface ancient uranium (ie, the old formation surrounded by young formations) Leached out. The Carboniferous strata in Central Australia have sandstone-type deposits that have been subjected to later fold and moderate metamorphism. Uranium deposits accumulate in conglomerate-type deposits in Western Australia (and possibly also less in Central Australia). The conglomerate is formed by the deposition of the river valleys, which originated in the Tertiary paleoenvironmental tract and contain evaporites. There are also two special deposits, one of which was produced in Mary Kaythrin, where the bitumen uranium contains dry brown corduroy, a palaeolite-diopside-garnet brecciated In the rock. The other deposit is located in Morien, where uranium-fluoro-aluminum mineralization was found in the bottom of the Carboniferous (?) Sandstone. Uranium-bearing pegmatites are widely distributed, but no uranium deposits of economic value have been generated. Proterozoic conglomerates have been extensively examined, but so far only thorium minerals have been found. Although many of the earlier discoveries were found by miners, significant achievements have been made in recent years in selecting census regions based on geological criteria. Aeronautical radioactivity measurements play a significant role. Geochemical sampling and radon sampling, though widely used, have not achieved any significant results so far. Prospects for prospecting in the future appear to depend on the discovery of new deposits in the delineated Proterozoic mineralization and on the Paleozoic, Mesozoic and recent sediments adjacent to the deposi- tions of the Precambrian.