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铁观音、黄棪和福鼎大白茶分别是我国乌龙茶和红绿茶育种中的骨干亲本,由它们衍生出了一系列的优良品种,研究其遗传多样性及构建指纹图谱将有助于今后茶树育种工作中骨干亲本的合理利用和品种权的保护。本研究利用40对SSR引物对我国乌龙茶骨干亲本铁观音、黄棪及其衍生品种(系)和红绿茶骨干亲本福鼎大白茶及衍生品种进行了研究。结果表明,34份供试品种(系)的基因多样性指数(H)为0.54,平均遗传距离0.58,表明我国茶树主要骨干亲本及其衍生品种(系)具有较高的遗传多样性水平和较大的遗传变异,且90%的遗传多样性来自品种之间的遗传差异。聚类结果表明两套品种(系)各自聚为一类,遗传结构分析也显示两套品种(系)之间存在明显的差异。利用其中稳定性和多态性俱佳的5对引物组合构建了供试材料的数码指纹图谱。
Tieguanyin, Huangpi and Fuding Dacha are the key parents of oolong tea and red and green tea in China respectively. A series of excellent varieties are derived from them. Studying their genetic diversity and constructing fingerprints will be helpful for future tea tree breeding The rational use of backbone parents in work and the protection of variety rights. In this study, 40 pairs of SSR primers were used to study Tieguanyin, Huangpi and their derivative varieties (lines) and Fuding Dabaicha and its derivative varieties of red and green tea. The results showed that the genetic diversity index (H) of 34 tested cultivars (lines) was 0.54 and the average genetic distance was 0.58, indicating that the major backbone parents and their derivative cultivars (lines) had a higher level of genetic diversity Large genetic variation, and 90% of genetic diversity comes from the genetic differences between breeds. The clustering results showed that the two cultivars (lines) clustered together, and the genetic structure analysis also showed that there were obvious differences between the two varieties (lines). The digital fingerprinting of the tested materials was constructed by the combination of five pairs of primers, which had the best stability and polymorphism.