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目的了解泥石流灾后1年救援军人的创伤应激障碍(PTSD)发生情况及影响因素。方法用创伤后应激症状问卷(Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Check-List,PCL)、艾森克人格问卷(Eysenck Personality Questionnaire Short Scale,EPQ-R)、领悟社会支持量表(Perceived Social Support Scale,PSSS)对部分救援军人进行测评。结果灾后1年救援军人的PTSD阳性检出率呈下降趋势,前后有显著差异(t=2.61,P<0.01)。PTSD症状总分及闯入症状、回避症状、高警觉状态分量表得分与领悟社会支持呈负相关(r=-0.36,-0.43,-0.22,-0.19;P<0.01)。PTSD症状总分及3个分量表得分均与EPQ中神经质(N)量表得分呈正相关(r=0.58,0.66,0.68,0.67;P<0.01),与精神质(P)、外向—内向(E)、掩饰性(L)量表得分呈负相关(P<0.01)。Logistic回归分析表明,N量表得分对PTSD具有显著的正向预测作用(β=2.06、wald=18.36、P<0.01);服役年限、救灾次数和社会支持对PTSD具有显著的负向预测作用(β=-0.903、-1.58、-0.72、wald=8.36、11.67、5.41,P<0.01)。结论救援军人的PTSD阳性率在1年内下降明显,心理干预应该注重军龄较短、救灾次数较少、领悟支持较少和神经质人格的军人。
Objective To understand the incidence and influential factors of traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among rescue workers one year after the debris flow disaster. Methods Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Check-List (PCL), Eysenck Personality Questionnaire Short Scale (EPQ-R), Perceived Social Support Scale (PSSS) Some rescue workers for evaluation. Results The PTSD positive rate of rescue workers showed a downward trend at 1 year after the disaster, with significant difference (t = 2.61, P <0.01). PTSD symptom score and intrusion symptoms, avoidance symptoms, high alert state subscale scores and social support perceived negative correlation (r = -0.36, -0.43, -0.22, -0.19; P <0.01). The total score of PTSD and the scores of three subscales were positively correlated with the scores of neuroticism (N) in EPQ (r = 0.58,0.66,0.68,0.67; P <0.01), and were positively correlated with the psychoticism (P), extroversion- E) and the coveriness (L) scale (P <0.01). Logistic regression analysis showed that N scale score had a significant positive predictive value for PTSD (β = 2.06, wald = 18.36, P <0.01); service life, number of disaster relief and social support had significant negative predictive value on PTSD β = -0.903, -1.58, -0.72, wald = 8.36, 11.67, 5.41, P <0.01). Conclusion The PTSD positive rate of rescue workers decreased significantly in one year. Psychological intervention should focus on the short age of army, the number of relief efforts, and the soldiers who support less and neurotic personality.