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研究缓/控释氮肥、氮肥配施硝化抑制剂和微生物菌剂对稻田生态系统白天CO_2净交换、群体叶面积和生物量的影响及其相互关系,有助于进一步了解这几类新型氮肥对稻田碳同化的促进作用及增产效果。为此于2012—2013年在湖北荆州进行大田试验,设置了五种氮肥处理:常规尿素(CK)、树脂包膜控释尿素(CRU)、尿素添加硝化抑制剂氯甲基吡啶(NU)、尿素添加硝化抑制剂二甲基吡唑磷酸盐(DMPP)、尿素配施微生物菌剂(EM)。采用静态箱-气相色谱法连续观测双季稻生态系统白天的CO_2净交换通量,并在各生育期测定水稻群体的叶面积和地上生物量,分析不同氮肥处理下这些指标的变化。结果表明:水稻生长季稻田生态系统白天表现为CO_2的净吸收,净交换通量受气温、降水等气象要素影响较大,在拔节-抽穗阶段出现较高值。相比普通尿素,新型氮肥在不同程度上提高了稻田CO_2净交换,在单个水稻生长季NU提高了13.2%~51.6%的平均CO_2净吸收通量,其次为CRU提高了9.8%~34.1%。在各生育期,新型氮肥对水稻群体叶面积指数和地上生物量表现出更高的促进效果,其中以CRU最为显著,其最大峰值相比CK分别提高了12.4%~18.6%和9.1%~18.8%。通过回归分析发现,水稻群体叶面积指数与CO_2净吸收通量为线性正相关关系,地上生物量与CO_2净吸收通量为抛物线型关系,这在一定程度上说明了水稻群体生长状况与稻田生态系统CO_2同化速率间的关系。包膜控释尿素、添加硝化抑制剂、添加微生物菌剂有助于提高水稻群体叶面积和生物量,促进稻田生态系统CO_2同化,其中树脂包膜控释尿素效果最佳。
Studying the effects of slow / controlled release nitrogen fertilizer, nitrogen fertilizer combined with nitrification inhibitor and microbial agent on net CO_2 exchange, population leaf area and biomass of paddy field ecosystem and their correlation during the day can be helpful for further understanding of these new types of nitrogen fertilizer Promoting Effect of Carbon Assimilation in Paddy Field and Increasing Yield. For this purpose, five nitrogenous fertilizer treatments were set up in Jingzhou, Hubei Province in 2012-2013: conventional urea (CK), resin coated controlled release urea (CRU), nitric oxide inhibitor nitric chloride (NU) Urea added nitrification inhibitor dimethyl pyrazole phosphate (DMPP), urea with microbial agents (EM). The CO 2 net exchange flux of double cropping rice ecosystem was observed continuously by static box-gas chromatography, and the leaf area and aboveground biomass of rice population were measured at different growth stages. The changes of these indexes under different nitrogen fertilizer treatments were analyzed. The results showed that during the rice growth season, the rice paddy ecosystem showed a net absorption of CO 2, and the net exchange flux was greatly affected by meteorological factors such as temperature and precipitation, and higher values occurred at jointing-heading stage. Compared with common urea, the new nitrogen fertilizer increased the net exchange of CO 2 in paddy field to varying degrees, and increased the net CO 2 flux from 13.2% to 51.6% in a single rice growing season, followed by a rise of 9.8% to 34.1% in CRU. At each growth stage, the new nitrogen fertilizer showed a higher promoting effect on leaf area index and aboveground biomass of rice, with CRU being the most significant, the maximum peak value increased by 12.4% -18.6% and 9.1% -18.8 compared with CK respectively %. Regression analysis showed that there was a linear positive correlation between leaf area index of rice and net absorption flux of CO 2 and a parabolic relationship between aboveground biomass and net absorption flux of CO 2, which explained to some extent the relationship between rice population growth status and rice field ecology The relationship between the CO 2 assimilation rate of the system. Coated controlled-release urea, addition of nitrification inhibitor, and addition of microbial agents can help increase leaf area and biomass of rice population and promote CO 2 assimilation in paddy ecosystem, of which the controlled release coated with resin has the best effect.