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目的通过高渗盐水点眼提高泪液渗透压制作小鼠干眼模型并对该模型进行评估。方法 60只雌性6～8周龄BALB/c小鼠,采用随机数字表法分为空白组、对照组和实验组,每组20只。对照组采用308mOsmol/L氯化钠溶液点眼,每天5次,实验组采用500mOsmol/L氯化钠溶液点眼,每天5次,空白组不点眼。分别在第0,7,14,28,42天行SchirmerⅠ实验、角膜荧光素钠染色和评分、眼表虎红染色观察、泪液蕨类实验、角膜上皮HE染色观察、角膜上皮厚度测量、结膜上皮PAS染色观察和杯状细胞计数。第42天行角膜上皮扫描电子显微镜观察。结果第0天各组间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。第7天起,与空白组[(3.0±0.5)mm]和对照组[(3.1±0.5)mm]相比,实验组[(2.3±0.4)mm]BALB/c小鼠出现泪液生成明显减少(P<0.05),角膜荧光素钠染色和虎红染色出现点、片状着色,角膜荧光素钠染色评分升高[3组分别为(0.9±1.2)、(0.5±0.7)、(1.4±1.6),P<0.01],泪液蕨类图形减少。第14天起,与空白组和对照组相比,实验组BALB/c小鼠结膜杯状细胞计数减少[3组分别为(10.6±2.0)、(11.8±1.3)、(5.4±1.8),P<0.01]。角膜上皮基底部细胞排列紊乱缺失,角膜上皮分层减少,出现空泡,角膜上皮层厚度减少[3组分别为(21.69±3.41)、(21.23±2.64)、(15.82±1.38)μm,P<0.05],角膜上皮细胞微绒毛丢失。结论高渗盐水可以在小鼠眼表引起类似干眼的病理损害,泪液高渗透压在干眼的发病中起重要作用。
OBJECTIVE: To establish a model of dry eye in mice by osmotic pressure of hypertonic saline to improve tear penetration and evaluate the model. Methods Sixty female BALB / c mice aged 6 to 8 weeks were divided into blank group, control group and experimental group by random number table. The control group was treated with 308 mOsmol / L sodium chloride solution for 5 days. The experimental group was treated with 500 mOsmol / L sodium chloride solution for 5 times a day. Schirmer I test, corneal sodium fluorescein staining and scoring, ocular surface red tiger staining, tear fern test, corneal epithelial HE staining, corneal epithelial thickness measurement, conjunctival epithelium PAS staining and goblet cell count. Day 42 corneal epithelial scanning electron microscopy. Results There was no significant difference between the groups on the 0th day (P> 0.05). On day 7, there was a significant decrease in tear formation in BALB / c mice in the experimental group [(2.3 ± 0.4) mm] compared with the blank group [(3.0 ± 0.5) mm] and the control group [(3.1 ± 0.5) (P <0.05). The corneal sodium fluorescein staining and tiger red staining showed spots, flaky staining and corneal sodium fluorescein staining score increased [(0.9 ± 1.2), (0.5 ± 0.7), (1.4 ± 1.6), P <0.01], reduced tear fern pattern. On the 14th day, compared with the blank group and the control group, the number of conjunctival goblet cells in the BALB / c mice in the experimental group decreased (10.6 ± 2.0, 11.8 ± 1.3, 5.4 ± 1.8, P <0.01]. Corneal epithelial basal cells arranged disorderly missing corneal epithelial stratification, vacuolization, corneal epithelial layer thickness decreased [(21.69 ± 3.41), (21.23 ± 2.64), (15.82 ± 1.38) μm, P < 0.05], corneal epithelial cells lost microvilli. CONCLUSION: Hypertonic saline can cause pathological damage similar to dry eye in mouse ocular surface. High osmotic pressure of tear plays an important role in the pathogenesis of dry eye.