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颅脑损伤大部分由钝性冲击引起,对冲击引起颅脑损伤的生物力学机制研究,有助于汽车设计和制造、安全防护、临床救治和司法鉴定。有限元方法在这一问题的研究上体现了重要作用,在30多年间取得了长足发展。本文对最近10余年的研究成果在模型精度、冲击类型和损伤机制有限元研究等问题进行综述。本文认为,现有的颅脑损伤判定标准是基于整体层次测量的,而有限元分析结果提供的是组织层次的应力应变和能量分布,是对整体层次的损伤标准的补充和完善或本质的揭示。颅脑损伤的标准也应该是发展的,逐步深入的。进一步在微观、细胞和分子层次的研究将成为未来该领域的发展趋势。
Most of craniocerebral injury is caused by blunt impact, and the research of biomechanical mechanism of brain injury caused by impact contributes to the design and manufacture of automobile, safety protection, clinical treatment and forensic identification. The finite element method has played an important role in the research of this issue and has made great strides in more than 30 years. In this paper, the recent 10 years of research achievements in the model accuracy, impact type and damage mechanism of finite element studies are reviewed. This paper argues that the existing criteria for judging craniocerebral injury are based on the measurement of the overall level, whereas the results of finite element analysis provide stress, strain and energy distribution at the organizational level, complementing and perfecting or essentially revealing the overall level of damage criteria . The standard of craniocerebral injury should also be developed and gradually deepened. Further research at the micro, cellular and molecular levels will be the future trend in this area.