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稻是东亚的主要作物,养活了世界上半数以上的人口。它通常有两种不同的生态龛:一种是低地稻田,生长季节可以用水浸没;另一种是高地刀耕火种农田(swidden)或旱田,可能有些灌溉设施,但不必在田里挖蓄水池塘。在前一种生态龛种植的稻叫“水稻”,在后一种的叫“旱稻”。但这两个名称实际上并不代表稻的品种;一种驯化的栽培稻(oryza sativa)可包括数千个品种。尽管低地的养份条件远比高地要好,因而产量也要高些,但大多数品种实际上在两种生态龛都能种。
Rice is the main crop in East Asia and feeds more than half of the world’s population. There are usually two different types of ecological niches: a low-lying paddy field that can be submerged in water during the growing season and a high-altitude swidden or dry-field fire that may have some irrigation facilities but no need to dig ponds in the fields. The rice planted in the former ecological niche is called “rice” and the latter is called “dry rice.” However, these two names do not actually represent the rice variety; one domesticated oryza sativa can include thousands of varieties. Although yields in the lowlands are much better than in the highlands, most are actually grown in both ecologies.