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目的评价新剂型氯硝柳胺乙醇胺盐自乳化微乳剂(niclosamide ethanolamine salt selfemulsifying microemulsion,NSM)的实验室和现场杀螺效果。方法将NSM用脱氯自来水配成有效浓度为0.020mg/L、0.034mg/L、0.058 mg/L、0.100mg/L、0.171mg/L、0.292mg/L和0.500mg/L的药液,在室温下浸泡钉螺24 h、48 h、72 h,观察钉螺死亡情况,计算半数致死浓度(lethal concentration50,LC_(50))。以1.0 g/(L·m~2)的NSM有效剂量进行喷洒法灭螺,施药后1 d、3 d和7 d,用棋盘式抽样法调查钉螺,检测所有捕获钉螺,统计钉螺总数和死亡数,并进行统计学分析。同时设50%氯硝柳胺乙醇胺盐可湿性粉剂(wettable powder of 50%niclosamide ethanolamine salt,WPN)和25%氯硝柳胺乙醇胺盐悬浮剂(suspension concentrate of 25%niclosamide ethanolamine salt,SCN)作为对照药物。结果室内浸杀24 h、48 h和72 h后,NSM的LC_(50)分别为0.056 8 mg/L、0.026 9 mg/L和0.021 6 mg/L,WPN分别为0.114 5 mg/L、0.048 3 mg/L和0.036 8 mg/L,SCN分别为0.086 7 mg/L、0.035 8 mg/L和0.030 3 mg/L,试验药物组的LC_(50)均低于对照药物组。现场施药后1 d、3 d、7 d,NSM的钉螺死亡率分别为73.64%(380/516)、87.10%(709/814)和92.12%(736/799),对照药物组WPN和SCN的钉螺死亡率分别为81.87%(533/651)、89.30%(668/748)、91.29%(702/769)和80.48%(404/502)、80.98%(545/673)、92.56%(597/645)。用药7 d后NSM的杀螺效果与WPN和SCN基本一致。结论氯硝柳胺乙醇胺盐制成自乳化微乳剂后,有利于贮存和现场应用,为新型高效、使用方便的灭螺药物剂型。
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the laboratory and field effects of the new niclosamide ethanolamine salt selfemulsifying microemulsion (NSM). Methods NSM dechlorinated tap water was dosed with effective concentrations of 0.020mg / L, 0.034mg / L, 0.058mg / L, 0.100mg / L, 0.171mg / L, 0.292mg / L and 0.500mg / Soak snails at room temperature for 24 h, 48 h and 72 h, and lethal concentration 50 (LC 50) was calculated. The snails were sprayed at the effective dose of NSM (1.0 g / (L · m ~ 2)). On the 1st, 3rd, and 7th days after the spraying, check snails were checked by checkerboard sampling. The number of deaths, and statistical analysis. A 50% niclosamide ethanolamine salt WPN and a 25% niclosamide ethanolamine salt SCN were also used as controls drug. Results LC 50 of NSM were 0.056 8 mg / L, 0.026 9 mg / L and 0.021 6 mg / L, respectively, and WPN were 0.114 5 mg / L and 0.048 3 and 0.036 8 mg / L, respectively. SCN was 0.086 7 mg / L, 0.035 8 mg / L and 0.030 3 mg / L, respectively. The LC 50 of the test drug group was lower than that of the control drug group. The mortality rates of snails in NSM were 73.64% (380/516), 87.10% (709/814) and 92.12% (736/799) respectively on the 1st, 3rd, and 7th day after treatment. The control group had WPN and SCN The death rates of snails were 81.87% (533/651), 89.30% (668/748), 91.29% (702/769) and 80.48% (404/502), 80.98% (545/673) and 92.56% (597 / 645). After 7 days of treatment, the killing effect of NSM was basically consistent with that of WPN and SCN. Conclusion The niclosamide ethanolamine salt is self-emulsifying microemulsion, which is beneficial for storage and field application. It is a new type of highly effective and easy-to-use medicine for controlling molluscicides.