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Setting up a knowledge base is a helpful way to optimize the operation of the polyethylene process by improving the performance and the efficiency of reuse of information and knowledge-two critical elements in polyethylene smart manufacturing.In this paper,we propose an overall structure for a knowledge base based on practical customer demand and the mechanism of the polyethylene process.First,an ontology of the polyethylene process constructed using the seven-step method is introduced as a carrier for knowledge representation and sharing.Next,a prediction method is presented for the molecular weight distribution (MWD) based on a back propagation (BP) neural network model,by analyzing the relationships between the operating conditions and the parameters of the MWD.Based on this network,a differential evolution algorithm is introduced to optimize the operating conditions by tuning the MWD.Finally,utilizing a MySQL database and the Java programming language,a knowledge base system for the operation optimization of the polyethylene process based on a browser/server framework is realized.