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目的了解上海市高中生对自杀态度的取向以及其自杀意念的水平,为提高青少年心理健康提供依据。方法采用青少年生活事件量表、父母教养方式评价量表及Beck抑郁问卷,对上海市1 695名高中生进行调查,由学生自评后统一回收问卷并进行评分。结果 41.18%的学生轻度抑郁,19.17%的学生中度抑郁,13.75%的学生重度抑郁,不同性别和地区的抑郁程度差异无统计学意义。在自杀意念影响因素中,青少年生活事件总应激量、母亲的惩罚严厉、父亲的过度保护均为危险因素,OR值分别为1.10,1.08,1.12;而家庭的情感温暖,学习成绩好是保护因素,OR值分别为0.94和1.38。结论应采用综合性措施从个人、学校和家庭三方面共同努力,提高青少年心理健康水平。
Objective To understand the orientation of suicide attitude and the level of suicidal ideation among senior high school students in Shanghai and provide the basis for improving the mental health of adolescents. Methods A total of 1 695 high school students in Shanghai were surveyed by the Scale of Adolescent Life Scale, Parental Rearing Scale and Beck Depression Questionnaire. The questionnaires were collected and scored by students after their self-evaluation. Results 41.18% of the students had mild depression, 19.17% of the students had moderate depression, 13.75% of the students had severe depression, and there was no significant difference in the degree of depression among different genders and regions. Among the influencing factors of suicide ideation, the total stress of life events of adolescents, severe punishment of mothers and over-protection of fathers were all risk factors, with OR values of 1.10, 1.08 and 1.12, respectively. However, family warmth and good academic performance were protective Factors, OR values were 0.94 and 1.38 respectively. Conclusion Comprehensive measures should be taken to make joint efforts from individuals, schools and families to improve the mental health of adolescents.