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一、情节≈河流 曾被西方誉为“二十世纪分析小说艺术的经典之作”的《小说面面观》,是英国当代大小说家佛斯特小说理论巨碑。他在该书中深刻地指出了“故事”与“情节”这两个既有联系又有区别的概念之间的本质异点。“故事”,是按照时间顺序来叙述事件,“情节”,也是事件的叙述,但重点在揭示因果关系。他举了两个例子:“国王死了,然后王后也死了”是故事;“国王死了,王后也伤心而死”则是情节。对于王后之死这件事,如果我们问:“然后呢?”这是故事,如果我们问:“为什么?”这是情节。这一精采的论述,使我们透视到了“情节”内涵的本质核心。它告诉人们,创作构思提炼情节时,必须把握事件发生、发展和变化的前因后果的内在联系。《辞海》是这样解释“情节”的:“情节,是叙事性文艺作品中人物的生活和斗争的演变过程。”所谓“演变过程”,即是事物“一种不断变化的流动的时间液体。”由此,我们可以得出这样的结论:情节,约等于一条不断变化的有前因后果联系的河流。
First, the plot ≈ Rivers have been hailed by the West as “a classic of the twentieth century analysis of novel art,” the “novel”, is the British contemporary novelist Foster novelist giant monument. In the book, he profoundly points out the essential differences between the two connected and distinct concepts of “story” and “plot.” The “story” is a chronological narrative of events, “episodes,” and narratives of events, but focuses on revealing causal relationships. He cites two examples: “the king is dead, and then the queen is dead” is the story; “the king is dead, the queen is sad to die” is the plot. If we ask, “Then what?” This is the story, if we ask, “Why?” This is the plot. This brilliant exposition makes us see through to the essential core of the “plot” connotation. It tells people that when creating a conceptual refinement plot, it is imperative to grasp the inherent relationship between the antecedents and consequences of the occurrence, development and changes of events. “Cihai” explains “the plot” as follows: “The plot is the evolution of the life and struggle of the characters in the narrative literary works.” The so-called “evolutionary process” is the thing "a fluid fluid of time. From this we can conclude that the plot is about the same as a river with changing causes and consequences.