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直肠癌是我国常见的恶性肿瘤之一,祖国医学认为本病属于“锁肛痔”范畴,占大肠癌的70%以上,约占全部痈肿的8.9%。近年来,发病率有明显上升的趋势。虽然其预后较肝、胃、肺之瘸肿为好,但由于误诊,确诊不及时,总的5年生存率仍徘徊于30%左右,根治后的5年生存率也是50%左右,据资料统计,国内早期直肠痛检出率仅占2%~5%。我科1995年全年收治的20多例直肠癌中,无1例是早期直肠癌。因此,重视直肠痛的早期发现,早期诊断,并予早期治疗,对于提高其远期生存率,有着重要的意义,现就直肠癌的早期症状、直肠指诊及其检查特点等,作者体会如下:①重视直肠癌的早期症状;②重视直肠指检;③重视内窥镜等检查。
Rectal cancer is one of the most common malignancies in China. It is considered by the Chinese medicine that this disease belongs to the category of “anal fistula,” which accounts for more than 70% of colorectal cancer and accounts for about 8.9% of all obstructions. In recent years, the incidence has increased significantly. Although the prognosis is better than that of liver, stomach, and lung, but due to misdiagnosis, the diagnosis is not timely, the overall 5-year survival rate is still hovering around 30%, and the 5-year survival rate after radical cure is also about 50%. According to statistics, the detection rate of domestic early rectal pain accounts for only 2% to 5%. Of the more than 20 cases of rectal cancer admitted to our department in 1995, none was early rectal cancer. Therefore, attention to the early detection of rectal pain, early diagnosis, and early treatment, has important significance for improving its long-term survival rate, now on the early symptoms of rectal cancer, digital rectal examination and inspection characteristics, the author experience is as follows : 1 emphasis on the early symptoms of rectal cancer; 2 emphasis on rectal examination; 3 pay attention to endoscopy and other tests.