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目的了解许昌市2009-2014年6-14岁学龄儿童法定传染病流行特征,为制定科学的防控措施提供依据。方法采用描述流行病学方法,分析传染病疫情资料。结果 6年间,许昌市累计报告6~14岁学龄儿童25种法定传染病4 336例,年均发病率为161.38/10万。呼吸道传染病报告发病最多(占72.09%),依次为肠道传染病(占21.84%)、血源及性传播疾病(5.40%)、虫媒及自然疫原性疾病(0.35%)。主要病种疾病谱发生明显变化,乙肝、甲肝、风疹发病呈下降趋势,发病位次后移,其它感染性腹泻和肺结核发病位次前移,至2014年,报告病例数居前7位的病种依次为流行性腮腺炎、手足口病、其它感染性腹泻、细菌性痢疾、肺结核、流行性感冒和乙肝。流行性腮腺炎、风疹、麻疹、手足口病、细菌性痢疾和其它感染性腹泻等急性传染病随年龄增长发病率呈下降趋势,肺结核、乙肝、丙肝等慢性传染病随年龄增长发病率呈上升趋势。发病以学生(占87.94%)和幼托儿童(占8.67%)为主。呼吸道传染病发病高峰期出现在4~7月份和11~12月份,肠道传染病发病高峰期为4~7月份,虫媒及自然疫源性疾病发病高峰期为8~9月份,血源及性传播疾病无明显发病高峰。结论许昌市6~14岁学龄儿童法定报告传染病发病率高,应根据传染病疾病谱、流行特征有针对性地开展预防控制工作。
Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of notifiable infectious diseases among school-age children aged 6-14 from 2009 to 2014 in Xuchang City, and to provide basis for making scientific prevention and control measures. Methods Epidemiological methods were used to analyze epidemic situation data of infectious diseases. Results Six years, Xuchang City reported a total of 4 336 cases of 25 notifiable infectious diseases among school-age children aged 6-14 years with an average annual incidence of 161.38 / 100000. Respiratory infectious diseases reported the most (72.09%), followed by intestinal infectious diseases (21.84%), blood and sexually transmitted diseases (5.40%), and zoonotic and natural infectious diseases (0.35%). The disease spectrum of major diseases had obvious changes. The incidence of hepatitis B, hepatitis A and rubella showed a decreasing trend, the incidence shifted backwards, the incidence of other infectious diarrhea and tuberculosis progressed. By 2014, the top 7 reported diseases The order was mumps, hand-foot-mouth disease, other infectious diarrhea, bacillary dysentery, tuberculosis, influenza and hepatitis B. The incidence of acute infectious diseases such as mumps, rubella, measles, hand-foot-mouth disease, bacillary dysentery and other infectious diarrhea decreased with age. The incidence of chronic infectious diseases such as tuberculosis, hepatitis B and hepatitis C increased with age trend. Incidence of students (87.94%) and childcare children (8.67%) based. The peak incidence of respiratory infectious diseases occurred in April ~ July and November ~ December, the peak incidence of intestinal infectious diseases for the 4 to 7 months, the incidence of zoonotic and natural foci of disease peaked from August to September, blood And no significant incidence of sexually transmitted diseases peak. Conclusion The prevalence of statutory reported communicable diseases among school-age children aged 6 ~ 14 in Xuchang City is high. Prevention and control should be carried out in a targeted manner according to the disease spectrum and epidemic characteristics of infectious diseases.