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目的分析1957-2012年九龙坡区甲、乙类传染病的发生、发展及其变化规律,为制订传染病相关防制措施提供科学依据。方法用描述性流行病学方法对1957-2012年九龙坡区甲、乙类传染病的疫情资料进行分析。结果 1957-2012年56年间共报告甲、乙类传染病25种,357 152例,其中发生死亡的传染病有19种,死亡人数为896例。年均发病率1 213.27/10万,年均死亡率3.04/10万,病死率0.25%。传染病平均发病率和死亡率随年代改变,总体呈递减趋势。甲、乙类传染病分类构成变化为50、60、70年代以呼吸道传染病为主,占发病总数的58.18%~64.03%,80、90年代以肠道传染病为主,占50.44%~66.07%,21世纪后以血源及性传播为主,占37.01%。甲类传染病、免疫规划相关传染病、虫媒及自然疫源性传染病得到有效控制或消除,一些多发传染病得到基本控制。结论九龙坡区传染病防治工作取得显著成效,但传染病疫情出现了新的特点,防制形势仍然严峻。应制定和完善传染病防制对策,加强防病工作基础建设,提高疾病预防和监测水平。
Objective To analyze the occurrence, development and changes of Class A and Group B infectious diseases in Jiulongpo District from 1957 to 2012, and to provide a scientific basis for formulating prevention and control measures for infectious diseases. Methods Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the epidemiological data of Class A and B infectious diseases in Jiulongpo District from 1957 to 2012. Results A total of 25 kinds of A and B infectious diseases and 357 152 cases were reported during the 56 years from 1957 to 2012, of which 19 were infectious diseases and 896 were dead. The average annual incidence was 1 213.27 / lakh, with an average annual mortality of 3.04 / lakh and a case fatality rate of 0.25%. The average morbidity and mortality of infectious diseases changed with the age, showing an overall decreasing trend. The classification of infectious diseases of Class A and Group B changed from 50 to 60 in the 1970s, and mainly accounted for respiratory infectious diseases, accounting for 58.18% to 64.03% of the total. The infectious diseases in the 80s and 90s were mainly intestinal infectious diseases, accounting for 50.44% to 66.07 %, After the 21st century mainly blood and sexual transmission, accounting for 37.01%. Class A infectious diseases, infectious diseases related to immunization programs, zoonotic vectors and natural foci of infectious diseases have been effectively controlled or eliminated, and some multiple infectious diseases have been basically controlled. Conclusion The prevention and control of infectious diseases in Jiulongpo District have achieved remarkable results. However, epidemic situation of infectious diseases has emerged new features, and the situation of prevention and control is still grim. Prevention and control measures should be formulated and improved for infectious diseases, strengthen the basic construction of disease prevention and improve disease prevention and monitoring.