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目的:了解新疆农牧区中小学生乙型肝炎表面抗体(抗-HBs)阴性率及其影响因素。方法:采用整群抽样法纳入3所农牧区学校所有中小学生作为研究对象,进行结构式问卷调查并采集血清标本,应用电化学发光法检测乙肝表面抗原(HBsAg),ELISA方法检测抗-HBs。结果:在调查的中小学生中,HBsAg携带率为1.9%(33/1712),抗-HBs阴性率为42.4%(712/1679)。与抗-HBs阴性相关的因素为民族、足月产及乙肝疫苗接种情况,其调整OR值分别为:汉族与哈萨克族(哈族)[0.38(95%可信区间:0.28~0.51)],回族与哈族[0.60(0.45~0.80)],子女早产与患儿足月产[1.48(1.05~2.09)],乙肝疫苗首针及时接种但未加强与患儿首针及时且加强[1.34(1.07~1.69)],首针未及时且未加强与患儿首针及时且加强[1.70(1.29~2.23)]。结论:新疆农牧区中小学生仍存在相当数量的抗-HBs阴性者,应适时对该人群进行乙肝疫苗加强接种。
Objective: To understand the prevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen (anti-HBs) and its influencing factors among primary and secondary school students in Xinjiang pastoral area. Methods: Cluster sampling method was used to enrolled all primary and secondary school students in three rural and pastoral areas as research objects. Structural questionnaires and serum samples were collected. HBsAg was detected by electrochemiluminescence and anti-HBs by ELISA. Results: HBsAg carrier rate was 1.9% (33/1712) in primary and secondary school students, and 42.4% (712/1679) in anti-HBs. The factors associated with the negative anti-HBs were ethnic, full-term and hepatitis B vaccination. The adjusted OR values were Han and Kazak (0.38; 95% confidence interval: 0.28-0.51) 1.48 (1.05 ~ 2.09)]. The first dose of hepatitis B vaccine was inoculated in time but was not strengthened and the first needle of the child was timely and strengthened [1.34 (1.05 ~ 2.09) 1.07 ~ 1.69)], the first needle was not timely and did not strengthen the first needle in children with timely and strengthened [1.70 (1.29 ~ 2.23)]. Conclusion: There is still a considerable number of anti-HBs negative in primary and secondary school students in Xinjiang farming and pasturing areas. Hepatitis B vaccine should be vaccinated in this population at a proper time.