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(接上期)八、维奥尔家族乐器维奥尔(Viol),兴起于文艺复兴时期,早于小提琴出现,二者并行于16世纪。17世纪后被小提琴所替代,现代又因挖掘文艺复兴时期作品而复兴。维奥尔是弓弦类乐器,有大小不一的许多家族成员。有记载,维奥尔于15世纪后半叶在西班牙发展起来①。“据1556年的文献记载,法国的维奥尔有5根弦,按四度定弦,而意大利的维奥尔有6根弦。”②维奥尔与小提琴非同源,其区别在于:第一,维奥尔有一个与文艺复兴时期的琉特那样带有弦品的琴颈;第二,维奥尔的背板是平的,而小提琴的背板是拱起来的、有弧度的;第三,维奥尔的侧板比小提琴侧板宽,琴的双肩
(Continued) VIII, viol Violin Viol, rose in the Renaissance, appeared earlier than the violin, both parallel to the 16th century. After the violin was replaced by the 17th century, the modern era was rejuvenated by excavations of the Renaissance. Viol is a bowstring instruments, many members of different sizes. It is well documented that Viol developed in Spain in the second half of the 15th century. “According to the 1556 literature, there are 5 strings in France, and four strings in Italy, while violino in Italy has 6 strings.” "Viol is not homologous to a violin, : First, Viol had a neck with strings like the Renute of the Renute; secondly, the back of the violin was flat, while the back of the violin was arched, curved Thirdly, Viol’s side panels are wider than the violin’s side panels and the harp’s shoulders