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以计划行为理论为基础,探讨不同学习阶段的青少年对体育活动参与行为的认知差异,并进一步考查了不同年龄段的群组之间预测模型的差异。采取心理测验的研究方法,以高中生(633人,M±SD=16.84±1.108)和大学生(482人,M±SD=19.90±1.115)为研究对象,填写体育活动《行为态度量表》、《主观规范量表》、《知觉行为控制量表》、《行为意向量表》及《体育活动等级量表-3》,使用单因素方差分析和结构方程模型SEM的统计方法。结果表明:高中生和大学生的各认知变量和体育活动参与量均有显著性差异(P<0.05);各群组中不同运动量组之间的各量表的得分也大部分呈现显著性差异(P<0.05);两群组预测模型拟合良好,两群组模型存在3条具体预测路径的差异。结论 :大学生的心理认知和参与体育活动量均要好于高中生;决定大学生参与体育活动量的最直接因素是知觉行为控制,而高中生则是行为意向。
Based on the theory of planned behavior, this paper explores the cognitive differences among adolescents in different stages of learning from sports activities and further examines the differences among groups in different age groups. Take the psychological test research method, take the high school student (633 people, M ± SD = 16.84 ± 1.108) and college students (482 people, M ± SD = 19.90 ± 1.115) as the research object, fill in the physical activity “attitude scale” Subjective Norms Scale, Perception Behavior Control Scale, Behavioral Intention Scale, and Physical Activity Rating Scale -3 were calculated using one-way ANOVA and structural equation modeling (SEM) statistical methods. The results showed that there was a significant difference in cognitive variables and physical activity participation among high school students and undergraduates (P <0.05). Most of the scores among different groups of exercise groups also showed significant differences (P <0.05). The two-group prediction model fits well, and there are three differences in the two predicted pathways in the two-group model. Conclusion: The psychological cognition and participating physical activity of college students are better than those of high school students. The most direct factor that determines the amount of college students participating in physical activity is control of perceived behavior, while high school students are behavioral intentions.