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以水土流失为主要特征的生态退化是黄土丘陵区最突出的生态经济问题,水土保持和生态恢复是解决这种问题的关键所在,因而探索与当地的社会经济和环境条件相适应的水土保持和生态恢复模式是非常重要的。本文以8个小流域以及延安中尺度水土保持与生态恢复试验示范区为基础,回顾了黄土丘陵区的水土保持与生态恢复研究和实践。为了评价这些试验示范模式的环境与社会经济效应,采用了参与式评估方法研究了这些模式的有效性。结果显示不同尺度的水土保持和生态恢复在当地的经济发展和环境改良中扮演了非常主要的角色,也为未来黄土高原生态可持续的经济发展模式提供了一个全新视角。同时,本文有助于增强这种共识,即随着社会经济条件的改善,生态重建是能够扭转当前生态持续退化的现状而实现可持续性的。
The ecological degradation characterized by soil erosion is the most prominent ecological and economic issue in the loess hilly region. Soil and water conservation and ecological restoration are the key points to solve this problem. Therefore, the exploration of soil and water conservation and land conservation in accordance with the local socio-economic and environmental conditions Eco-recovery model is very important. Based on the eight small watersheds and the Yan’an Mesoscale Water and Soil Conservation and Ecological Restoration Experiment Demonstration Zone, this paper reviews the research and practice of soil and water conservation and ecological restoration in the loess hilly region. In order to evaluate the environmental and socio-economic effects of these pilot demonstration models, participatory assessment methods were used to study the effectiveness of these models. The results show that soil and water conservation and restoration at different scales play a very important role in the local economic development and environmental improvement and provide a new perspective for the future ecological and sustainable economic development of the Loess Plateau. At the same time, this article helps to reinforce the consensus that with the improvement of social and economic conditions, ecological reconstruction is able to reverse the current state of sustainable ecological degradation and achieve sustainability.