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Separators are indispensable components of modern electrochemical energy storage devices such as lithium-ion batteries (LIBs).They perform the critical function of physically separating the electrodes to prevent short-circuits while permitting the ions to pass through.While conventional separators using polypropylene (PP) and polyethylene (PE) are prone to shrinkage and melting at relatively high temperatures (150 ℃ or above) causing short circuits and thermal runaway,separators made of thermally stable polyimides (PIs) are electrochemically stable and resistant to high temperatures,and possess good mechanical strength-making them a promising solution to the safety concerns of LIBs.In this review,the research progress on PI separators for use in LIBs is summarized with a special focus on molecular design and microstructural control.In view of the significant progress in advanced chemistries beyond LIBs,recent advances in PI-based membranes for applications in lithium-sulfur,lithium-metal,and solid-state batteries are also reviewed.Finally,practical issues are also discussed along with their prospects.