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近年来,大量已建运营公路隧道发生漏水等多种形式的恶化现象已经引起了隧道工程界的关注,大量的研究表明,隧道结构的恶化现象在一定程度上是由于作用在隧道衬砌上的力或者是由衬砌混凝土的损坏引起的。因此,在隧道和地下工程的轴线选定以后,通过优化设计,不断地调整隧道和地下工程断面的几何形态,以改善支护结构的受力状态是隧道设计优化的最终目标。针对将军沟隧道工程,选取设计参数不同的4个支护结构断面,采用ANSYS有限元程序,对不同支护结构条件下隧道的受力、变形进行了数值模拟试验。数值模拟试验表明:选定4种支护结构断面形式,初次衬砌和二次衬砌的压应力都非常小;但考虑到拉应力对素混凝土的受力的不利影响,建议采用优化的结构形式,以减小拉应力。同时,考虑到隧道衬砌结构受力的最不利部位出现在隧道拱脚处,建议施工中加强对拱脚的支护,增加锁脚锚杆,以确保施工的安全。
In recent years, many kinds of deterioration phenomena such as water leakage occurred in a large number of road tunnels that have been constructed have attracted the attention of the tunnel engineering community. Numerous studies have shown that the deterioration of the tunnel structure is due in part to the force acting on the tunnel lining Or caused by the damage of lining concrete. Therefore, after selecting the axes of tunnel and underground engineering, optimizing the design and constantly adjusting the geometry of the cross-section of tunnel and underground engineering to improve the stress state of the support structure is the ultimate goal of tunnel design optimization. According to the general tunnel project, four sections with different design parameters are selected, and the finite element program ANSYS is used to simulate the stress and deformation of the tunnel under different supporting structures. The numerical simulation results show that the compressive stresses of the primary lining and the secondary lining are very small for the four types of retaining structures. However, considering the adverse effect of tensile stress on the force of plain concrete, it is suggested to adopt the optimized structure, To reduce the tensile stress. At the same time, taking into account the most unfavorable part of the tunnel lining structure force appears in the tunnel arch feet, it is recommended to strengthen the construction of arch foot support, increase the anchor bolt to ensure construction safety.