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The wheat grain number per spike(GNPS)is a major yield-limiting factor in wheat-breeding programs.Germplasms with a high GNPS are therefore valuable for increasing wheat yield potential.To investigate the molecular characteristics of young spike development in large-spike wheat germplasms with high GNPS,we performed gene and protein expression profiling analysis with three high-GNPS wheat lines(Pubing 3228,Pubing 3504 and 4844-12)and one low-GNPS control variety(Fukuho).The phenotypic data for the spikes in two growth seasons showed that the GNPS of the three large-spike wheat lines were significantly higher than that of the Fukuho control line.The Affymetrix wheat chip and isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation-tandam mass spectrometry(iTRAQ-MS/MS)technology were employed for gene and protein expression profiling analyses of young spike development,respectively,at the floret primordia differentiation stage.A total of 598 differentially expressed transcripts(270 up-regulated and 328 down-regulated)and 280 proteins(122 upregulated and 158 down-regulated)were identified in the three high-GNPS lines compared with the control line.We found that the expression of some floral development-related genes,including Wknox1b,the AP2 domain protein kinase and the transcription factor HUA2,were up-regulated in the high-GNPS lines.The expression of the SHEPHERD(SHD)gene was up-regulated at both the transcript and protein levels.Overall,these results suggest that multiple regulatory pathways,including the CLAVATA pathway and the meristem-maintaining KNOX protein pathway,take part in the development of the high-GNPS phenotype in our wheat qermplasms.
The wheat grain number per spike (GNPS) is a major yield-limiting factor in wheat-breeding programs. Germplasms with a high GNPS are therefore valuable for increasing wheat yield potential. To investigate the molecular characteristics of young spike development in large-spike wheat germplasms with high GNPS, we performed gene and protein expression profiling analysis with three high-GNPS wheat lines (Pubing 3228, Pubing 3504 and 4844-12) and one low-GNPS control variety (Fukuho). The phenotypic data for the spikes in two growth seasons showed that the GNPS of the three large-spike wheat lines were significantly higher than that of the Fukuho control line. The Affymetrix wheat chip and isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation-tandam mass spectrometry (iTRAQ-MS / MS) technology were employed for gene and protein expression profiling analyzes of young spike development, respectively, at the floret primordia differentiation stage. A total of 598 differentially expressed transcripts (270 up-regula ted and 328 down-regulated) and 280 proteins (122 upregulated and 158 down-regulated) were identified in the three high-GNPS lines compared with the control line. We found that the expression of some floral development-related genes, including Wknox 1 b, the AP2 domain protein kinase and the transcription factor HUA2, were up-regulated in the high-GNPS lines. The expression of the SHEPHERD (SHD) gene was up-regulated at both the transcript and protein levels. Overall, these results suggest that multiple regulatory pathways, including the CLAVATA pathway and the meristem-maintaining KNOX protein pathway, take part in the development of the high-GNPS phenotype in our wheat qermplasms.