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目的分析5岁以下儿童死亡情况及影响因素。方法以2009-2015年大港辖区11个社区卫生服务中心上报的本市户籍5岁以下儿童死亡报告数据为基本资料,计算并分析新生儿、婴儿和5岁以下儿童的死亡率、死亡年龄构成比、死亡主要原因以及变化趋势。结果 2009-2015年大港5岁以下儿童年龄别死亡率呈波动式变化,经Cochran-Armitage趋势检验NMR、IMR和U5MR无下降趋势;死亡年龄构成主要以婴儿死亡为主;新生儿死因前3位占新生儿总死亡的64.39%,婴儿死亡的前3位死因占婴儿总死亡55.44%,1~4岁死亡的前3位死因占1~4岁总死亡的78.59%。结论大港地区2009-2015年5岁以下儿童死亡率低于全国水平,控制5岁以下儿童死亡关键是婴儿死亡率,尤其是早期新生儿,以降低先天性心脏病等先天异常的发生为重心,要重视围产期保健,加强产前筛查和诊断,做好出生缺陷的三级防控,提高产、儿科协作能力,提高儿童生命质量。
Objective To analyze the death and influence factors of children under 5 years of age. Methods Based on the reported data on the deaths of children under 5 in the city from 11 community health service centers in Dagang Prefecture from 2009 to 2015 as the basic data, the death rates of newborns, infants and children under 5 were calculated and analyzed. , The main cause of death and the trend of change. Results The age-specific mortality rate of children under 5 years old in Dagang fluctuated from 2009 to 2015. There was no trend of decrease in IMR and IMR by IMR and NMR in Cochran-Armitage trend test. The death age was dominated by infant deaths. The first three causes of neonatal death Accounting for 64.39% of the total newborns, the first three causes of infant deaths accounted for 55.44% of total infant deaths, the first 3 deaths aged 1 to 4 years accounted for 78.59% of total deaths aged 1 to 4 years. Conclusion The mortality rate of children under 5 years old in Dagang from 2009 to 2015 is lower than the national average. The key factor to control the death of children under 5 years of age is the infant mortality rate, especially in the early neonates. With a view to reducing the occurrence of congenital anomalies such as congenital heart disease, We must pay attention to perinatal care, strengthen prenatal screening and diagnosis, make tertiary prevention and control of birth defects, improve the ability of producing and pediatric co-operation, and improve children’s quality of life.