Homogenizing the sulfonic acid distribution of DMF-modified PEDOT:PSS films and perovskite solar cel

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Inverted perovskite solar cells using pristine PEDOT:PSS as the hole-transporting layer (HTL) have been widely studied for its less hysteresis and low-temperature preparation technologies. However, this device suffers from an inferior open-circuit voltage ( V OC ) and stability problems. Several attempts have made on film formation and interface engineering to improve the efficiency. Modification proved beneficial to de- crease energy offset at the interface between the HTL layer and the adjacent perovskite layer. In this pa- per, modification PEDOT:PSS layers were realized with a dimethyl formamide (DMF) solvent. The sulfonic acid distribution was homogenized in the normal direction after modification. The work function of the modified PEDOT:PSS layers increased from 4.71 to 5.07 eV, and the conductivity of modified PEDOT:PSS increased from 3 ×10 ? 4 to 0.45 S/cm. The as-deposited perovskite films were more uniform with larger grain sizes and less pinholes, resulting in an improved V OC from 0.93 to 1.048 V, while the efficiency was increased from 11.5% to 16.8%. Solar cells without encapsulation under the 50 h and 50% humidity aging test showed 7% degradation of fill factor (FF) with 50 v/v% PEDOT:PSS layer, while the fill factor decreased 11.2% in the 0 v/v% PEDOT:PSS layer, respectively.
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