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一般认为高血压系成人疾患,日本小儿科专著有关小儿高血压之记载甚少,并认为大部分系继发性高血压。然而,10年前美国开始对小儿血压广泛进行了临床和流行病学研究,感到原发性高血压起始于小儿期之可能性很大,提示小儿原发性高血压非为罕见,而与既往的概念有很大出入。本文阐述有关小儿血压的基本问题,并介绍一下小儿高血压的最近见解。一、小儿血压(一)小儿血压的测定法小儿血压的测定受下列因素影响,而与成人不同:①上臂长度随生长而发生变化;②用听诊法测定血压(Korotkoff氏听诊)判定舒张压较困难;③在各种条件下,血压易波动;④测压时不易保持安静。为此,对小儿最适当的测血压法如下:
Hypertension is generally considered an adult disorder, the Japanese pediatric monograph on pediatric hypertension is poorly documented, and that most of the secondary hypertension. However, 10 years ago, the United States began a wide range of clinical and epidemiological studies of pediatric blood pressure. It is highly probable that essential hypertension starts in infancy, suggesting that pediatric essential hypertension is not uncommon, The concept of the past is very different. This article explains the basic questions about pediatric blood pressure and introduces recent insights into pediatric hypertension. First, the pediatric blood pressure (A) Determination of pediatric blood pressure Determination of pediatric blood pressure by the following factors, but different from adults: ① upper arm length with the change of growth; ② auscultatory blood pressure measurement (Korotkoff auscultation) to determine the diastolic blood pressure Difficulties; ③ in a variety of conditions, the blood pressure is easy to fluctuate; ④ pressure measurement is not easy to keep quiet. To this end, the most appropriate method of measuring blood pressure in children are as follows: