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从形态学方面对谷子栽培种晋谷21号及其四倍体诱变株系进行了比较并从细胞学和解剖学两方面对四倍体株系进行了倍性鉴定。在此基础上,笔者从谷子生理生化表观特征差异作为切入点,研究了不同倍性谷子孕穗期叶片中叶绿素及氮含量差异及各自光合因子日响应特性。结果表明:相较其二倍体对照株,四倍体谷子旗叶宽度增加6.11%,叶形指数由11.82减小到9.25,主茎直径增加13.04%,主穗直径减小5.39%,千粒重增加46.16%,旗叶长度减小17.01%,主茎长度减小23.29%,主穗长度减小5.45,单株主穗重减小24.42%,主穗粒重减小62.47%,结实率减小46.66%。显微扫描结果证明,四倍体谷子花药增大,花粉粒增大、部分干瘪,子房多数呈椭球状,柱头皱缩,不育或不实,生育期延长,种子萌发率低,孕穗期谷子氮吸收和同化能力减弱,叶绿素合成量减少。相较其同源四倍体,在光量子通量密度一定的前提下二倍体谷子外部微环境及其自身相关各光合因子彼此间效应与互作更为敏感。四倍体不育程度高,灌浆不充分,同化产物“库”-“源”失衡是谷子同源四倍体谷子孕穗期净光合速率较低的主要内因。四倍体谷子的表型及相关生理机制的变化是基因组组分之间以及核质基因组之间相容性水平的体现,并存在选择压力下的再平衡过程。
Morphological aspects of the millet cultivars Jingu 21 and its tetraploid mutagenic strains were compared and tetraploid strains were ploidy identified from both cytology and anatomy. On this basis, the author from the physiology and biochemistry apparent characteristics of millet as a starting point to study different bisexual millet booting leaves of chlorophyll and nitrogen content differences and their daily photosynthetic factor response characteristics. The results showed that the flag leaf width of tetraploid millet increased 6.11% and the leaf index decreased from 11.82 to 9.25, the diameter of main stem increased 13.04%, the diameter of main ear decreased 5.39% and the grain weight per thousand increased 46.16%, the length of flag leaf decreased by 17.01%, the length of main stem decreased by 23.29%, the length of main spike reduced by 5.45, the ear weight per plant decreased by 24.42%, the main ear weight decreased by 62.47% and the seed setting rate decreased by 46.66% . Micro-scanning results showed that tetraploid millet anthers increased, pollen grains increased, partially shriveled, ovary mostly ellipsoid, stigma shrinkage, infertility or false, prolonged growth, seed germination rate is low, booting stage The ability of nitrogen absorption and assimilation in millet weakened, and the amount of chlorophyll synthesis decreased. Compared with the autotetraploid, under the premise of certain quantum flux density, the external microenvironment of diploid millet and its own respective photosynthetic factors are more sensitive to each other. The high level of tetraploid sterility, inadequate filling, and the imbalance of assimilation product “library ” - “source ” were the main internal causes of the lower net photosynthetic rate of the autotetraploid millet of millet. The change of phenotype and related physiological mechanism of tetraploid millet is the manifestation of compatibility between genomic components and the nuclear genome, and there exists rebalancing process under selective pressure.