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经过商鞅变法,秦国国势一日强过一日。及至秦王嬴政二十六年,也就是公元前二二一年,秦灭六国,统一天下,秦王嬴政划天下为三十六郡,自称为皇帝,史称秦始皇。这样一个大一统格局的帝国国家的建立,在中国史上是第一次。当时,秦始皇的臣下对其有如下赞誉:昔者五帝地方千里,其外侯服夷服,诸侯或朝或否,天子不能制。今陛下兴义兵,诛残贼,平定天下,海内为郡县,法令今由一统,自上古以来未尝有,五帝所不及。(《史记·秦纪》)这话有讨好的嫌疑,但是大体不差。
After Shang Yang reform, the Qin nationality strong day more than a day. Twenty-six years until the Qin Dynasty, that is, twenty-one years BC, the Qin off six countries, reunification of the world, Qin Wangtao political planning for the world thirty-six counties, claiming to be the emperor, known as the Qin Shi Huang. The establishment of an imperial state with such a unified pattern was the first time in Chinese history. At that time, Emperor Qin Shi Huang’s subordinates praised him as follows: In the past, the Five Emperors came from a distance and their foreigners fooled and waited for princes or toward Korea or not. Your Majesty the Xingyi Bing, punish the thief, set the world peace, the sea is a county, decree now by the unification, since ancient times, have not, the Five Emperors too. (“Historical Records Qin Ji”) These words have the suspicion of pleasing, but generally not bad.