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1.本试验以我国普通栽培的白菜(包括结球大白菜及不结球白菜),及芥菜品种为材料。应用各种不同的春化时间、春化温度、及光照时数处理,来研究它们对春化及光照的不同反应。2.在本试验所用的白菜及芥菜品种范围以内,均能在萌动的种子时期通过春化阶段。但由於品种的来源不同,又可分为春性类型及冬性类型。前者要求春化不严格、未经春化,4月9日露地播种,当年可以开花;而后者则要求20—30天的0—3℃春化处理,才能开花。3.结球甘蓝不能在萌动的种子通过春化阶段,而一定要在幼苗相富大小时才能通过。但与结球甘蓝在分类上很相近的芥兰,则可以在萌动的种子通过春化。可以在萌动的种子通过春化阶段者,亦可以幼苗通过,但其通过的速度,有所不同。4.本试验所用的白菜及芥菜品种,都可以在0—3℃或6—8℃的温度下通过春化。这表示这两种蔬菜要求春化的温度并不低。如果春化的天数相同,不论春化的温度为0—3℃或6—8℃,它们自播种到开花天数都没有显著的差异。5.一般的白菜及芥菜品种,都可以在0—3℃的温度下10—40天通过春化阶段。但火白菜、菜芯、芥兰、紫菜苔及三月芥等对春化要求不严格,未经春化(4月9日播种),亦可以在自然光照下抽苔开花。而黄芽菜、乌塌菜、及雪里蕻等,要经过10天以上的春化处理,才能开花。春化的天数越多,自播种到开花的天数有减少的趋向。但春性类型的品种,春化天数增加,对提早开花期的影响较少;而冬性类型的品种,春化天数的增加,对提早开花期的影响较大。6.在进行光照阶段期间,过高的温度30℃以上,会抑制白菜及芥菜的发育。夏播(7月11日)的植株,自播种到开花的天数均比春播的(4月9日)要多得多(图1),而且需要较长的春化时间才能引起开花。7.不论白菜及芥菜都是长日照的植物,较长的日照,可以促进抽苔开花,而且都有对光照要求严格的及不严格的品种。油冬儿、乌塌菜、雪里蕻及结球大白菜的一些品种对光照的要求较严格;而紫菜苔、菜芯、三月芥对光照的要求不严格。在8小时光照下的紫菜苔亦可以开花。紫菜苔的光照阶段结束较早,而雪里蕻对光照阶段结束较迟。由不断光照分次迁入短光照的,经过春化处理的紫菜苔,在第一次迁入(播种后19天)即可现蕾,第二次()入(播种后28天)即可开花:而雪里蕻则要到第三次迁入(播种后38天)才能开花。8.光照时间的长短,及温度的高低,不但会影响到开花时期的迟早,而且会影响到植株的大小,叶子的形状及花器的构造。而这些条件对白菜的影响又比芥菜的为大。紫菜苔长期栽培在短光照中,虽然也能现蕾,但其花器多属退化状态,不能正常开花结实。
1. This experiment to our common cultivation of cabbage (including the Chinese cabbage and non-heading cabbage), and mustard varieties for the material. Various vernalization, vernalization, and photoperiod treatments were used to study their different responses to vernalization and light. 2. Within the range of the cabbage and mustard varieties used in this experiment, all of them can pass the vernalization stage during germinating seeds. However, due to the different sources of varieties, but also divided into spring type and winter type. The former requires vernalization is not strict, without vernalization, April 9 open field planting, then flowering; the latter requires 20-30 days of 0-3 ⊥ vernalization in order to flowering. 3. Cabbage can not pass through the vernalization stage of germinating seeds, but must pass when the seedling phase is rich and small. But kale, which is very similar in type to cabbage, can pass through vernalized seeds in germinating seeds. The seeds can be passed through the vernalization stage of germination, seedlings can also be passed, but the speed of its adoption is different. 4. The cabbage and mustard varieties used in this experiment can all pass vernalization at 0-3 ℃ or 6-8 ℃. This means that the temperature required for the vernalization of both vegetables is not low. If the number of days of vernalization is the same, there is no significant difference in the number of days from sowing to flowering, regardless of the vernalization temperature of 0-3 ° C or 6-8 ° C. 5. The general cabbage and mustard varieties, can be 0-3 ℃ temperature 10-40 days through the vernalization stage. But the fire cabbage, cabbage, kale, seaweed and March mustard and other requirements of the vernal is not strict, without vernalization (April 9 sowing), you can also bloom under natural light bolting. The yellow sprouts, black slush dishes, and snow, etc., to go through more than 10 days of vernalization in order to flowering. The greater the number of vernalizations, the less the number of days from sowing to flowering. However, the varieties of spring type increased the number of vernalization days and had less effect on early flowering stage. However, the increase of vernalization days and winter type varieties had a greater impact on early flowering stage. 6. During the light phase, excessive temperature above 30 ℃, will inhibit the development of cabbage and mustard. Summer sowing (July 11) showed significantly more days from sowing to flowering than on sowing (April 9) (Figure 1), and required longer vernalization times to cause flowering. 7. Whether cabbage and mustard are long-day plants, longer sunshine, can promote bolting flowering, but also have strict requirements on the light and not strict varieties. Some of the varieties of oil Dongnv, Wucai Cai, Xue Luli and the heading Chinese cabbage are more stringent in light requirements. However, the requirements of the laver moss, vegetable core, and mustard on light are not strict. The seaweed moss can bloom in 8 hours of light. The lagoon’s lighting stage ended earlier, while the snow lagoon’s lighting stage ended later. By continuous light into the short-shielded by the light of the times, after vernalized dried laver, in the first move in (19 days after sowing) to bud, the second () into (after sowing 28 days) can Flowering: Snowy owl is about to move in for the third time (38 days after sowing) before flowering. 8. Light the length of time, and the temperature level, not only will affect the flowering period sooner or later, but also affect the size of the plant, the shape of leaves and floral structure. The impact of these conditions on Chinese cabbage and mustard than large. Long-term cultivation of seaweed moss in the short light, although also budding, but its flowers are mostly degraded state, can not flowering and fruiting.