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采用金属-气体共晶定向凝固工艺,制备了不同结构参数的Gasar多孔铜,并研究了结构参数对单向拉伸下多孔铜性能的影响。利用扫描电镜观察拉伸试样的断面形貌,通过建立数学模型和计算机模拟的方法来表征其拉伸强度,并用实验数据加以验证。结果表明,多孔铜的拉伸性能主要取决于气孔率和拉伸方向;多孔铜在平行气孔轴向拉伸时比垂直气孔轴向拉伸时具有更优异的抗拉强度;平行气孔轴向拉伸时,抗拉强度随着气孔率的增加线性下降,气孔对基体的应力集中作用微小,抗拉强度的数学模型数值和模拟数值与试验数值拟合良好;垂直气孔轴向拉伸时,抗拉强度随气孔率的增大而明显下降,气孔对基体的应力集中作用显著,抗拉强度的试验数值与模型数值以及模拟数值基本符合。
Gasar porous copper with different structural parameters was prepared by metal-gas eutectic directional solidification. The influence of structural parameters on the properties of porous copper under uniaxial tension was studied. The morphology of tensile specimens was observed by scanning electron microscopy. The tensile strength was characterized by mathematical model and computer simulation, and verified by experimental data. The results show that the tensile properties of porous copper mainly depend on the porosity and tensile direction. Porous copper has more excellent tensile strength than parallel axial pore when it is stretched parallel to the stomata. Tensile strength decreases linearly with the increase of porosity, and the stress concentration of pores on the substrate is small. The mathematical model values and simulated values of tensile strength fit well with the experimental values. When the vertical stomatal stretch in the axial direction, The tensile strength obviously decreases with the increase of porosity, and the stress concentration of the pores on the substrate is significant. The experimental values of tensile strength are in good agreement with the model values and simulation values.