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本文说明了在轴向平行照明条件下,利用干涉线光学触测法测量螺纹丝杠牙形的数学物理基础。指出了这种方法的缺点和所产生理论误差的某些规律,为确保螺纹丝杠产品的检验质量准备了前提条件。干涉线光学触测法简称干涉法,是目前用来测量螺纹丝杠牙形半角的手段之一。所谓干涉法,就是把照明设备的光阑调至最小时,来自同一光源的与瞄准显微镜光轴平行的平行投射光束,将分为两部分:一部分在螺旋面上反射,另一部分未受工件的阻挡而直接向上投射,这两部分光束叠加后,在工件附近产生干涉。通过瞄准显微镜可观察到在其瞄准平面上呈现出的一系列干涉条纹。利用这些条纹(主要是第一级暗纹)来测量螺纹丝杠的参数。经过测量发现,用干涉法得到的螺纹丝杠牙形角,在有些情况下并不是正确的测量结果。这不仅表现在它所得到的测量结果与用影象法所得到的测量结果不一致上,而且表现在与被量螺纹丝杠的实际牙形的不一致上。因此,对瞄准面上干涉线产生的理论探讨是很必要的。
This article describes the mathematical physics of measuring the thread shape of a thread screw using an interferometric optical touch-sensing method under axial parallel illumination. Pointed out the shortcomings of this method and the resulting theoretical error of some of the rules in order to ensure the quality of the screwed screw test products to prepare the preconditions. Interference line Optical touch method referred to as interferometry, is currently used to measure the screw thread tooth half angle one of the means. The so-called interference method is to adjust the aperture of the lighting device to a minimum, from the same light source parallel to the optical axis of the aiming microscope parallel projection beam, will be divided into two parts: one part of the reflection in the helical surface, the other part of the workpiece is not Blocking and projecting directly upward, the two parts of the beam superimposed, interfering in the vicinity of the workpiece. Aiming at the microscope, a series of interference fringes appear on the aiming plane. The use of these stripes (mainly first-order dark lines) to measure the screw thread parameters. After measurement, it was found that the angle of thread formed by the interference method was not the correct measurement in some cases. This is manifested not only in the inconsistency between the measurement it obtained and the measurement obtained by the image method but also in the inconsistency with the actual tooth shape of the screwed lead screw. Therefore, it is necessary to theoretically investigate the interference line in the aiming plane.