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从制度视角剖析我国改革开放的过程能使我们看到取得的成就,也使我们发现需要改进之处。中国经济的增长表明,首先在主观理论上,形成了强大的发展共识;其次,坚持了正确的改革和发展方向;第三,从比较优势上看,中国特有的经济分权和政治集权的制度安排为制度试验创造了条件,尤其是基于“晋升锦标赛”的评价官员的激励方式是中国经济增长的重要来源。但也正是这种发展模式,产生了一系列问题,在追求效率的时候忽视了公平。因此,必须做好下一轮的制度调整,目前有两个迫切的任务需要面对:一是官员对谁负责的问题;二是处理好效率和公平的冲突。毕竟,发展的目标是实现大多数人的幸福。
An analysis of the process of China’s reform and opening up from a system perspective enables us to see the achievements we have made and also make us find that improvements are needed. The growth of China’s economy shows that it first formed a strong consensus on development in subjective theory; secondly, it adhered to the correct direction of reform and development; thirdly, from the perspective of comparative advantage, China’s unique system of economic decentralization and political centralization Arrangements have created the conditions for institutional testing, and in particular the incentives of appraisers based on “promotion championships” are a significant source of economic growth in China. But it is also this mode of development that has created a series of problems that have ignored fairness in the pursuit of efficiency. Therefore, we must make the next round of institutional adjustments. At present, there are two urgent tasks that we must face: First, the issue of what officials are responsible for; and second, how to deal with conflicts of efficiency and fairness. After all, the goal of development is to achieve the happiness of the majority.