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利用杂种优势提高农作物产量和品质是现代农业科学取得的主要成就之一,杂交水稻(hybridrice)便是这其中的典型。杂交水稻是指选用两个在遗传上有一定差异、其优良性状又能互补的水稻品种进行杂交,生产出具有杂种优势的第一代杂交种用于实际生产的水稻生产技术。我国杂交水稻方面的科研成果在国际遥遥领先。自1973年由全国杂交水稻科研协作组袁隆平等发明籼型杂交水稻以来,其亩产比普通水稻增产20%以上的高产特性为杂交水稻赢得了“东方魔稻”的国际称号。这项领先世界的科技成果,不仅给中国带来巨大的经济效益和社会效益,而且惠及世界。有换算表明,如果将常规稻全部换种杂交稻,全世界水稻总产量可翻一番,能多养活10亿人口。一直以来,作为这项技术的领跑者,我国的杂交水稻技术正在不断改进和创新,不仅实现了产量的不断突破,更克服了早先杂交稻口感不舒适的问题。可以说,自杂交水稻问世以来,其高产的特性解决了世界人民的“吃饱”问题,其不断改善的稻米品质更给各国人民带来了更好口感的白米饭。
The use of heterosis to improve crop yield and quality is one of the major achievements of modern agro-science. Hybrid rice is one of the major achievements. Hybrid rice refers to the selection of two genetically different varieties of rice, its fine traits and complementary varieties of rice hybrids to produce heterosis of the first generation hybrids used in the actual production of rice production technology. The research results of hybrid rice in China are far ahead in the world. Since the invention of indica hybrid rice by Yuan Longping, a national cooperative research group for hybrid rice in 1973, the high yield of more than 20% of yield per mu of common rice has won the international title of “Oriental Magic Rice” for hybrid rice. This leading scientific and technological achievement has not only brought tremendous economic and social benefits to China but also benefited the world. A conversion shows that if we change all conventional rice hybrid rice, the total output of rice in the world can be doubled to feed more than 1 billion people. All along, as the leader of this technology, China’s hybrid rice technology is constantly improving and innovating. It not only achieves continuous breakthrough of production, but also overcomes the problem of uncomfortable taste of previous hybrid rice. It can be said that since the advent of hybrid rice, its high-yielding characteristics have solved the problem of “fullness” of the people of the world. Its ever-improving rice quality has brought white rice of better taste to all peoples.